坎特伯雷故事
坎特伯雷的梗概内容" "The Canterbury story assembles " be a Chaucerian United Kingdom writer novel. Work depicts a group of pilgrim aggregation prepare to get rid of Canterbury city hadj in one wife and children of London in the inn. The shopkeeper people suggests that on passage respectively, pilgrims say two stories , look at had better who says in going there and back. Story collection has included 23 stories , the among them the most wonderful story has had: Knight's story that the tragedy story , the Bass woman say, sells the love that the knight says atoning for the crime the animal allegory story advising world allegory story , clergyman to talk , the moving love that family dispute story , peasant that the businessman says say that ticket person says compose in reply generously code of brotherhood behavior story.（汉语意思是：《坎特伯雷故事集》是英国作家乔叟的小说。作品描写一香客聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故事，其中最精彩的故事有：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、巴斯妇讲的骑士的故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。）
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告诉我们道理：Have told us the people's life aphorism: Should not shut an eye when opening an eye , should not begin to speak when keeping silent.（汉语意思是：告诉了我们人的生活格言：该睁眼时莫闭眼，该缄默时勿开口。）
Work has reflected capitalism in embryo broadly the United Kingdom social life, has brought church sepsis , clergyman's avarice and hypocrisy to light , has blamed the asceticism strangling human nature , has affirmed secular love life
（汉语意思是：作品广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活）
The original plan:
Chaucer originally planed to write 120 stories, 2 for each pilgrim to tell on the way to Canterbury and 2 more on the way back. But he actually completed only 22, though there are 2 more existed in fragments. The work was probably first conceived in 1386, when Chaucer was living in Greenwich, some miles east of London. From his house he might have been able to see the pilgrim road that led toward the shrine of the famous English saint, Thomas a Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury who was murdered in his cathedral in 1170. Medieval pilgrims were notorious tale tellers, and the sight an
d sound of the bands riding toward Canterbury may well have suggested to Chaucer the idea of using a fictitious pilgrimage as a "frame" for a number of stories. This practice was common in the later period of the Middle Ages. Boccaccio had told 100 tales in his Decameron, each of the ten characters told a story a day for ten days. Another Italian, Gioanni Sercambi, had placed a series of stories in the mouth of the leader of a group of persons journeying on horseback. But it seems that Chaucer was unaware of the Italian precedents; his artistic exploitation of the device is altogether his own.
The structure:
The Canterbury Tales is not merely a collection of stories strung together by some loose thread, as was the general practice for some European writers of the late Middle Ages and
early Renaissance to assemble a rather large group of tales into a single work of some magnitude, but Chaucer creates in the "General Prologue" a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life and then assigns to each of them some appropriate tale shedding light on the respective narrator's distinctive personality, and then in the separate "prologues" to some of the tales, and in the "links" that link up some of the tales, the author makes further efforts to show the interplay between t
he characters as well as their respective traits and idiosyncrasies. Thus the total effect of the poem as a whole is a comprehensive picture of the social reality of the poet's day, especially since the pilgrims portrayed include men and women of all different professions, the high and the low, the lay and the clerical, the learned and the ignorant, the roguish and the upright, all excepting the very highest (i.e. the king and the top nobility) and lowest (i.e. the very poor laboring folk) in social rank at the time.
Characters included are:
(1) the monastic orders which include a rich monk, a friar, a prioress with her chaplain, a nun and three priests; (2) the secular clergy which include a parson, a pardoner and a summoner, to be joined by a canon and his yeoman devoted to alchemy; (3)the upper rung on the social ladder includes a knight, a squire, and a yeoman, a wealthy franklin, a doctor, a lawyer, and an Oxford scholar; (4) the trade which is represented by a merchant and a shipman; (5) the burgesses or freemen which include a haberdasher, a carpenter, a weaver, a dyer, a tapestry-maker, a cook, and the Wife of Bath; (6) the rural dwellers which include a miller, a reeve, a manciple and a plowman.
The merits
The merits of the 24 tales are of unequal merits. Taken as a whole they represent practically the whole range of literary genres in medieval and early Renaissance Europe, embracing minstrelcy, chivalric romances, fabliaux, lays, legends, legendary epic sagas, animal epics, mythology, moral allegories and sermons. Though Chaucer did not always succeed in his experiments with all the different popular literary media of the day, he certainly had wide interest in numerous literary traditions and innovations not alone in England but also on the Continent of Europe.
【内容介绍】
乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》不是第一本短篇小说集，甚至让一人中每人讲一个故事这种形式也不是什么新主意。在卜伽丘的《十日谈》中就有十个人，为了躲避1348年在佛罗伦萨肆虐的温疫逃到城郊的庄园。他们就是通过讲故事来消磨时间的。《坎特伯雷故事集》中也有一人，每个人讲述一个故事。我们不仅对故事本身感兴趣，而且对讲述故事的人也感兴趣。他们中的每个人都是真实的。乔叟在引言中把他们一一作了介绍。然后，我们又在故事中与他们相识。很快，我们就觉得对他们每个人都有所了解。
乔叟(约1343—1400) 英国诗人。伦敦酒商的儿子。十几岁起进入宫廷当差。1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久赎回。乔叟与宫廷往来密切，当过廷臣、关税督察、肯特郡的治安法clergyman
官、郡下议院议员。他曾因外交事务出使许多国家和地区，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺了官位和
年金，经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》给刚登基的亨利四世，申诉自己的贫穷。1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角”。
乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期：
①法国影响时期(1359—1372)：主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的作品，创作了《悼公爵夫人》，用伦敦方言翻译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》等。
②意大利影响时期(1372—1386)：诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。这一时期的创作如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》、《好女人的故事》，反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。
③成熟时期(1386—1400)：乔叟在这最后15年里从事《坎特伯雷故事集》的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶峰。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
《坎特伯雷故事集》内容提要
4月的一天，一香客去坎特伯雷朝圣，投宿在泰巴旅店。次日，店主、香客与在此住宿的作者一起出发。店主提议在去坎特伯雷的路上每人讲两个故事，回来时再讲两个，被大家公认为最佳的讲故事者可以在回来时白吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。乔叟只完成计划中120个故事中的24个(包括两个未完成的)，其中22个为诗体，两个散文体。每个故事前均有开场语，全书有一个总序。作者用这种方式把各个零散故事连成一体。
《坎特伯雷故事集》有几点值得注意：

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