whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever, however用法归纳 
一、引导状语从句
它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句)，其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等，相当于英语中的 no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。如：
report是什么意思Whatever [No matter what] you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。
Whoever [No matter who] telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。
Whichever [No matter which] day you come, I’ll be pleasedto see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。
Whenever [No matter when] you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
We found the people friendly wherever [no matter where] we went. 无论我们走到哪里，我们都发现人们很友好。
However [No matter how] much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少，他都不发胖。
注：有时从句谓语可用情态动词：
无论他在哪里，我都要到他。
正：I’ll find him, wherever he is.
正：I’ll find him, wherever he may be.
无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。
正：Keep calm, whatever happens.
正：Keep calm, whatever may happen另外，whoever 的宾格也是 whoever, 而不是 whomever, 后者在现代英语已基本不用，有的词典已不收录此词。如：
Whoever you marry, make sure he can cook. 不管你跟谁结婚，他一定要会做饭才行。
二、引导名词性从句
除引导状语从句外，whatever, whoever, whichever等还可引导名词性从句(主语从句或宾语从句)。如：
He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。
Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。
Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。
三、用于加强语气
有时用于加强语气，含有“究竟”、“到底”之义。如：
Whatever [What ever] do you mean 你到底是什么意思
Whenever [When ever] did you find time to do it 你什么时候有空做这事
Wherever [Where ever] can the children be 孩子们究竟会在哪里呢
Whoever [Who ever] told you that 到底是谁告诉你的呢
Whichever [Which ever] did you choose 你到底选了哪个
However [How ever] did you escape 你到底是怎样逃出来的
 
“ No matter+ 疑问词”与“疑问词＋ ever ”用法透析
1. “ No matter ＋疑问词”意为“无论……”、“不论……”，用来引导让步状语从句。如： no matter who / whom （无论谁）， no matter what （无论什么）， no matter which （无论哪一个）， no matter how （无论怎样）等。如：
You are always welcome no matter where you are.
无论在何地，您总是会受到欢迎的。
No matter what may happen, they've decided to leave this evening.
不管发生什么事，他们已决定今晚离开。
No matter who you may be, you have no right to do such a thing.
不论你是谁，你都无权做这样的事。
No matter when my motherland needs me, I will go without hesitation.
无论什么时候，只要祖国需要我，我都会毫不犹豫地出发。
No matter how hard it may be, I will carry it out.
无论此事有多难，我都会去做。
2. “疑问词＋ ever ”相当于“ no matter + 疑问词”， ever 本是一个加强语气的词，加在疑问词后面作后缀，不仅使疑问词的语气加强，而且变为具有让步意义的一个复合词，可用于引导让步状语从句。例如：
Whoever （ No matter who ） breaks the law, he should be punished.
无论谁违反法律，都应该受到惩罚。
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
不管做什么事，你都要做好。
Whatever problem you have, turn to me.
不管你有什么问题，都可以我帮忙。
She is willing to help you, however busy she is.
无论多忙，她都愿意帮助你。
Wherever he is, he will be thinking of you.
无论在哪儿，他都会想着你。
3. 虽然“ no matter ＋疑问词”和“疑问词＋ ever ”都可以用来引导让步状语从句，但后者的用途更广，这类词（ whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever 等）还可用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间或地点状语从句等。例如：
Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift.
（主语从句）来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。
比较： Whoever comes to the party, he will receive a gift. （让步状语从句）＝ No matter who comes to the party, he will receive a gift.
无论谁来参加晚会，都会收到一份礼物。
You can take whichever book you like best. （宾语从句）你可以拿走你喜欢的任何一本书。
Whenever we see him, we speak to him. （时间状语从句）每当我们见到他时，我们都跟他说话。
一、注意从句的时态
由no matter what/who/where/when…引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。如：No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。
二、注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置
no matter what/whose/which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后；no matter how修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。如：No matter how hard he works, he find it difficult to make ends meet. 无论他多么努力工作，却总是入不敷出。
三、注意“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+ever”在用法上的区别
1. “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。如：No matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）, he will be happy. 他无论在什么地方都快乐。
2. 而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。如：Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。（这里不能用no matter who。）
3. whoever既可引导名词性从句，又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；whomever也可引导名词性从句，但只能在从句中作宾语。如：You may invite whomever you like.
4. whatever表示“无论什么”，没有一定的范围限制；whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”，其后可接一个名词。如：Eat whichever cake you like.
巩固练习：
1. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which
C. Whatever D. Whichever
2. we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever
3. Doctor Godwin says that what forceful arguments against cigarettes there are, many people insist on smoking.

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