2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语一试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
①People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.②Atfirst glance this might seem like a strength that1the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by2factors.③But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big3was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.4,he theorised that a judge5of appearing too soft6crime might be more likely to send someone to prison7he had already sentencedfive or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
①To8this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.②In theory,the9of an applicant should not depend on the few others10randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspect
ed the truth was11.
①He studied the results of9,323MBA interviews12by31admissions officers.②The interviewers had13applicants on a scale of one tofive.③This scale14numerous factors into consideration.④The scores were15used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMAT,a standardised exam which is16out of800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
①Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was0.75points or more higher than that of the one17that,then the score for the next applicant would18by an average of0.075points.②This might sound small,but to19the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need30more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.
1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers
2.[A]minor[B]external[C]crucial[D]objective
3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment
4.[A]Above all[B]On average[C]In principle[D]For example
5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless
6.[A]in[B]for[C]to[D]on
7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless
8.[A]test[B]emphasize[C]share[D]promote
9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success
10.[A]found[B]studied[C]chosen[D]identified
11.[A]otherwise[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]exceptional
12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured
13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged
14.[A]put[B]got[C]took[D]gave
15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather
16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced
17.[A]below[B]after[C]above[D]before
18.[A]jump[B]float[C]fluctuate[D]drop
19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard
20.[A]necessary[B]possible[C]promising[D]helpful
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text1
①In the2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.②Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
①This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of
“fast fashion”.②In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.③Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent releases,and more profit.④These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.⑤By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
①The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.②For H&M to offer a$5.95knit miniskirt in all its2,300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
replaceable①Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.②“Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues.③Americans,shefinds,buy roughly 20billion garments a year—about64items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
①Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since2008has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully.②But as Cline is thefirst to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example can’t be knocked off.
①Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.②She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.③Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A]lack of imagination.
[B]poor bargaining skill.
[C]obsession with high fashion.
[D]insensitivity to fashion.
22.According to Cline,mass-market labels urge consumers to
[A]combat unnecessarywaste.
[B]shop for their garments more frequently.
[C]resist the influence of advertisements.
[D]shut out the feverish fashion world.
23.The word“indictment”(Para.2)is closest in meaning to
[A]accusation.
[B]enthusiasm.
[C]indifference.
[D]tolerance.
24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
[D]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
25.What is the subject of the text?[A]
Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B]
Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.
Text2
①An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is,no one knows which half.②In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.③By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.
①In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of suchfine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?
①In December2010America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)proposed adding a“do not track”(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.②Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year.③In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
①On May31st Microsoft set offthe row.②It said that Internet Explorer10,the version due to appear with Windows8,would have DNT as a default.
①Advertisers are horrified.②Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.③Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is offit will stay off.④Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse offif the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.⑤People will not get fewer ads,he says.⑥“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.”
①It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.②Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.③Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
①Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.②After all,it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.③If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on advertising,it has chosen an indirect method:There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.④DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before.⑤Brendon Lynch,Microsoft’s chief privacy officer,blogged:“We believe consumers should have more control.”⑥Could it really be that simple?
26.It is suggested in Paragraph1that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to
[A]lower their operationalcosts.
[B]ease competition among themselves.
[C]avoid complaints from consumers.
[D]provide better online services.
27.“The industry”(Para.3)refers to
[A]online advertisers.
[B]e-commerce conductors.[C]
digital information analysts.
[D]internet browser developers.
28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A]goes against human nature.
[B]fails to affect the ad industry.

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