英语高考专题辅导——阅读理解篇
推理判断、结构题·解题技巧
推理判断题考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。要求考生在阅读过程中沟通外观和内涵的、已述和未述的含义，或以文章所提供的事实为依据，经过分析思考而形成一定的观点。结构题作为一种独立的题型源于TOEFL阅读，主要考查考生对整个文章结构的把握或根据现有文章预测后文内容的能力。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解题。
一、题型特点:
二、解题思路与应试技巧
【考例】
(2011年 重庆卷，C篇) 
    Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
       In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. 
      Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond scien
ce since World WarⅡ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? 
      Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 
comparisons65. Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?
    A. Afraid            B. Curious              C. Approving            D. Uninterested
66. How does the passage mainly develop?
    A. By providing examples.                    B. By making comparisons.
    C. By following the order of time.                D. By following the order of importance.
◆ 结构题通常有两种形式的考查：
1、解第一种类型即对文章整体结构的把握类题的，一般可通过仔细阅读文章首尾两个段落以及中间各段落的首句或尾句，根据其内在逻辑关系及内容来进行判断；
【考例】
(2010北京西城一模，D篇)
    The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government’s health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend much more money seeing a doctor.
    Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance,
keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
    One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.
    In addition, health education also plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.
    However, emphasizing on disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect.
In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
69．We learn from the passage that      .
      A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases
      B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise
      C．the more health education, the better
      D．the government’s health budget should be increased
70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP (Central Point)    P (Point)        Sp (Sub-point次要点)        C (Conclusion)
2、解第二种类型的结构题即推测后文内容，需要对文章各段内容进行归纳，对已提及内容进行排除，再重点依据尾段内容(特别是尾段最后一句话)做出判断。

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