一
The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparsons where releant.
comparisonsThe first diagram indicates the stages and equipment in the process of making cement, and the second one illustrates how cement and other materials are mixed to produce concrete for building purposes.
Cement production involves the following steps. The first step is to put limestone and clay on two different conveyors. Then, these two types of materials are pressed into the crusher which breaks them into powder. After that, the powder is poured into a mixer, and then mixtures are transmitted into a rotating heater which works with heat. The following step is that a band carrier leads the heated powder to a grinder where the cement comes out. Finally, cement is packed into bags,and the process is finished.
Concrete production is much more simple. Four different kinds of materials are needed in different proportion. Gravel accounts for the largest part, at 50%, followed by sand, which is 25%. Cement and water contributes 15% and 10% respectively. The four materials are then mixed and poured into a concrete mixer and after a period of whirling, concrete is produced.
In conclusion, making cement has more complex process than making concrete though concrete needs more materials than cement.
二
The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. First of
all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.
The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.
Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.
三
The flow chart below shows how chewing gum is made.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the mainfeatures and make comparisons where relevant.
The diagram shows how chewing gum is produced. Firstly the ingredients of gum are put into a container and was heated until they form a single mass. This is then strained until all of the liquid has been eliminated. Next, the gum is passed into another container/place and the desired flavorings, sweeteners and softeners are added This mixture is blended until all of the ingredients are mixed together. The gum then travels/passes to a different machine which uses rollers to flatten out the gum. Finally the thin sheets of gum are cut into rectangular shapes and broken into separate pieces then the gum passes / travels along a conveyor belt where it is enclosed in packaging ready for distribution.
四
The diagram below shows how fruit is canned.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.
The diagram shows the process of canning fresh fruit. First the fruit is picked from trees by hand. It is then transported to the cannery by large trucks. At the cannery the fruit is washed and quality checked, and any poor quality fruit is rejected. The good quality fruit is put into cold storage. When it is ready for canning the fruit is weighed and graded. The grading ensures that fruit of a similar size is kept together. After this the fruit is peeled and the cores are removed. It is then sliced into the required sizes and put into cans. Juice or syrup is also added to the cans. Once the cans have been filled, they are sealed and cooked over heat to ensure that the cans are sterilized. When the cans are cool, labels are attached and they are placed into storages. The canned fruit is now ready to be despatched to supermarkets and sold.
五
The diagram below shows the process of making chocolate.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Chocolate's varied flavours, colours, shapes and textures result from different recipe traditions. Which have evolved in different parts of the world. The essential ingredient in all chocolate is cocoa, which is made from the cream-coloured beans that grow in pods on the cacao tree. The cacao tree, which grows in equatorial regions such as South America, Africa and Indonesia produces a fruit about the size of a small pineapple, Inside which are the tree's seeds.
After harvesting, the cocoa beans arc removed from the pods and piled in heaps that are left for several days to dry. The dried beans are then transported to factories where they are sorted and roasted. The shells are then removed and the beans are ground into chocolate liquor - a thick brown liquid which forms a solid at about room temperature. This liquor contains a high percentage of fat cocoa butter, which is removed by using presses. The solid block of cocoa that remains is then made into a powder which can be
used to make a hot chocolate drink, or is mixed back with some of the cocoa butter, sugar and other flavour such as vanilla to make the different kinds of chocolate.

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