备战2023高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练
(高考模拟真题+名校最新真题)
专题08 家人和亲人
（2021·浙江·高考真题）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes, with days of regular,   parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
1．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph?
A．To make comparisons.    B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument.    D．To provide examples.
comparisons2．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A．Plain laziness.    B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time.    D．Security concerns.
3．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A．She can get relaxed after work.    B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study.    D．She can know her son better.
（2022·湖北·恩施市第一中学模拟预测）A new study suggested that some grandmothers may hold a deeper bond with their grandchildren than their own children. James Riling of
Emory University in Atlanta published the study in The Royal Society last week. His team surveyed 50 grandmothers with at least one biological grandchild between three and twelve years old. They also measured the brain function as the participants viewed pictures of their grandchild, an unknown child, the same sex parent of the grandchild and an unknown adult.
Researchers found that grandmothers viewing grandchild pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy and movement. In contrast, the study also found that when grandmothers viewed images of their adult child, they showed stronger activation in an area of the brain associated with cognitive empathy (认知同理心). That indicates they may be trying to cognitively understand what their adult child is thinking or feeling, but not as much from the emotional side.
Compared with results from an earlier study by the Rilling lab of fathers viewing photos of their Children, results showed that grandmothers activated more parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy and motivation. That suggests that grandmothers are intended to feel what their grandchildren are feeling when they interact with them.
“In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improved grandchild well-being,” the study’s authors wrote. It’s part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents’ Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September. Former President Jimmy Carter signed the proclamation (公告) in 1978. “Because they are usually free to love and guide and befriend the young without having to take the daily responsibility for them, they can reach out past pride and fear of failure and close the space between generations,” the proclamation read.
4．What can be inferred about the study?
A．200 children’s pictures are used.
B．Young couples could be surveyed.
C．The participants’ brains are monitored.
D．Biological child’s picture is sure to be viewed.

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