莎⼠⽐亚⼗四⾏诗翻译和解读
Sonnet 18
1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Could I compare you to the time/days of summer?
2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
You are more lovely and more gentle and mild than the days.
3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
The wild wind shakes the favorite flowers of May.
4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date
And the duration of summer has a limited period of time.
5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
Sometimes the sun shinning is too hot.
6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And his gold skin of the face will be dimmed by the clouds.
7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,
Every beautiful thing and person will decline from previous state of beauty.
8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
(the beauty) will be stripped of by chance or changes of season in the nature.
9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
But your summer exists forever and will not lose color/freshness or vigor. 10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
You will never lose your own beauty either.
11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
The Death can’t boast that you wander in his shadow.
12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
You grow as time grows in the undying lines of my verse.
13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long as men can live in the world with sight and breath,
14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
This poem will exist and you will live in it forever.
Formal features
14 lines
4 stanzas: 3 quatrains + 1 couplet
Rhythm & meter: 10 syllables (5 feet) each line, iambic pentameter
Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg
Structure:
1st – 2nd quatrains: an introduction to and development of a problem
3rd quatrain: a volta or a turn “突转”(a change in direction, thought, or emotion)
the couplet: a summary or conclusion
The theme:
The main theme is t he power of the speaker’s poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations.
What is it about?
The speaker opens the poem with a question addressed to the beloved: “Shall I compare thee to
a summer’s day?” The next eleven lines are devoted to such a comparison. Summer: (Line 3: rough winds；4：too short；5. too hot；6. too dimmed；7&8. beautiful things will die) Sonnet 18 is the first
poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The “procreation” sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speaker’s realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live forever in this poem.
Figures of speech
In line (5 ) There is a Metaphor .
In line ( 5+6 ) There is a Personification .
( eye of Heaven shines ) : Eye of heaven = the sun
The sun became dark because dark of clouds .
In Line (9+10+12 ) There is a Hyperbole .
In Line ( 11 )There is a personification .
In Line ( 14 ) There is an Inverted order .
Analysis: （拓展）
The poem works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise.
The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, and sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison.
Sonnet 130
1. My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;
My lady’s eyes aren’t like the sun at all.
2. Coral is far more red, than her lips red:
Coral is much redder than her lips.
3. If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If snow is white, then her breasts are brown.
4. If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
If hair is as coarse as threads, then her hair is full of black threads.
5. I have seen roses damasked, red and white,
I have seen the pinkish, red and white roses.
6. But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
But I can see such kinds of roses in her cheeks.
7. And in some perfumes is there more delight
There is much tempting/attractive fragrance.
8. Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
The fragrance is more attractive than her steamy, sweaty and unsavory smells.
9. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
I like listening to her speaking, but I am also aware that
10. That music hath a far more pleasing sound:
The sound of music is much more favorable than her sound.
11. I grant I never saw a goddess go,
I admit that I never saw a goddess walking by.
12. My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:
My mistress stamps on the floor when she walks.
13. And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare,
But I can swear to God that my lover is as precious as
15. As any she belied with false compare.
As any woman who has been misrepresented by ridiculous comparisons.
Formal features
14 lines
4 stanzas: 3 quatrains + 1 couplet
Rhythm & meter: 10 syllables (5 feet) each line, iambic pentameter
Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg
Structure:
1st – 2nd quatrains: an introduction to and development of a problem
3rd quatrain: a volta or a turn “突转”(a change in direction, thought, or emotion)
comparisons
the couplet: a summary or conclusion
Theme
The poet suggests their love is rare because he does not desire her to be something she is not.
It's about finding love in spite of (or maybe even because of) physical flaws.
It pokes fun at our obsession with looks and to show how ridiculous it is to ask any person to live up to some ideal of perfect beauty.
Figures of speech
Negative similes
Simile may also be expressed in the negative form
“My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun”Etc.
Ironic tone
The sonnet appears to be humorous, but the couplet displays the deeply romantic tone of the poem.
Analysis（拓展）
In many ways, Shakespeare’s sonnets subvert and reverse the conventions of the Petrarchan love sequence: the idealizing love poems, for instance, are written not to a perfect woman but to an admit
tedly imperfect man, and the love poems to the dark lady are anything but idealizing, like this one. He describes the woman that he loves in extremely unflattering terms but claims that he truly loves her, which lends credibility to his claim because even though he does not find her attractive, he still declares his love for her.
Sonnet 129
1. The expense of spirit in a waste of shame
The expenditure of sexual energy in a desert of shameful moral decay
2. Is lust in action: and till action, lust
Is the lust/letch acting: and before having sexual intercourse, lust
3. Is perjured, murderous, bloody, full of blame,
Is dishonest, murderous, violent and blameworthy with a lot of guilt.
4. Savage, extreme, rude, cruel, not to trust;
Barbaric, extreme, rude, cruel, and untrustworthy.
5. Enjoyed no sooner but despised straight;
As soon as lust has been enjoyed, it is hated.
6. Past reason hunted; and no sooner had,
Lust is pursued beyond the control of reason, as soon as lust is fulfilled,
7. Past reason hated, as a swallowed bait,
It is hated irrationally like a bait that a fish swallows
8. On purpose laid to make the taker mad.
(The bait) set on purpose to make the trapped creature react with frenzy.
9. Mad in pursuit and in possession so;
10. Had, having, and in quest to have extreme;
The taker is insane in pursuing one's lust and mad in possessing the object of lust: going to extremes in having had it, in the having of it, and in seeking to have it;
11. A bliss in proof, and proved, a very woe;
A heavenly sensation while it is being experienced. Once you are done, it is a true sorrow.
12. Before, a joy proposed; behind a dream.
An expected joy exists before having it; after having it, it seems like a dream.
13. All this the world well knows; yet none knows well
Everyone in the world knows it very well, but no one knows
14. To shun the heaven that leads men to this hell.
To avoid the tempting sense of delight which leads men to hell.
Formal features
14 lines
4 stanzas: 3 quatrains + 1 couplet
Rhythm & meter: 10 syllables (5 feet) each line, iambic pentameter
Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg
Structure:
1st – 2nd quatrains: an introduction to and development of a problem
3rd quatrain: a volta or a turn “突转”(a change in direction, thought, or emotion)
the couplet: a summary or conclusion
Theme
About lust.
–Lines 1-2: lust in action (shameful )
–Lines 3-4: lust before action (dishonest, murderous, bloody…)
–Lines 5-8: a comparison between lust before and after action (enjoyed vs.
despised; both are past-reason / mad) – lust causes madness!
–Lines 9-12: a comparison between lust before and after action. (bliss vs. woe;
joy vs. dream) – lust causes sadness and disillusionment.
–Lines 13-14: a conclusion.
Figures of speech
Simile: taker of lust as a hooked fish
Personification: lust as a person
Contrasts: "before" vs. "behind" (after), "heaven" vs. "hell," and so on.
Analysis （拓展）
The profound hatred of sexuality, sexual pessimism
Its hatred of sexuality derives from the Christian imperative of the virginal life and the dislike of all bodily functions
It gives essentially a phallo-centric view of sex
Impersonal tone: The speaker never says outright that he is writing about his own experience; instead, he presents the poem as an impersonal description, a catalogue of the kinds of experience offered by lust.

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