你必须知道的10种英语词性 (英汉双语释义版)
Learning Grammar in Writing: Ten Parts of Speech You Should Know
可以用这个口诀,来记住常见的词性:
冠名动形副,连介感代数。
冠词,名词,动词,形容词,副词;连词,介词,感,代,数understandable
1、冠词
冠词只有3个,a, an, the. (反过来,a, an, the就是冠词,记住就好,不必追问定义。)
他们必须和名词连用。
a和an,意思上表达数量“1”,他俩是不定冠词,在泛泛地说人或事物,不确定的某个人或事物,只要是个人或事物就可以,是某种人或事物的随机的任意的1个代表,是其中之一即可。
the是定冠词,表示特定的,指定的某个事物或人,具有排他性,不是别的,就是指定那个,别的不行。
汉语没有冠词。
对于中国人来说,冠词不容易理解。
比如,
a cat, 只要是1只猫就可以,随机的,任意的1只猫。不是狗,不是鹿,不是大象或老鼠。
a tree, 只要是1棵树就可以,随机的,任意的1棵树。不是花,不是草,不是野菜或禾苗。
an apple, an egg,
the cat,在说特定的1只猫,
如果指着加菲猫在说the cat,那么波斯猫,黑白猫都不可以,如果指着手上抱的加菲猫在说the cat,那么笼子里的加菲猫,地上跑的加菲猫都不可以。
the pen, 在说特定的1支笔,相当于汉语的:这笔,那笔
如果指着红笔在说the pen,那么旁边的绿笔,黑笔都不可以,如果指着右手的红笔在说the pen,那么左手的红笔,桌上的红笔,都不可以。
Article /ˈɑːtɪk(ə)l/
The three words, a, an and the, are articles. (On the contrary, articles are a, an and the. Just remember them. Don’t ask the defination.)
They are only used with nouns.
A and an mean 1 in number. Both are indefinite articles. They indicate people or thing in general. They refer to one in all, a random person in a group of people, or a random thing out of many things.
The is definite article. It indicates particular people or things.
In Chinese there are no articles, so that articles are not easy to be understood for Chines
e people.
Examples are:
a cat, a tree, an apple, an egg, the book, and the pen
2、名词
人名,地名,或者事物,都是名词。
比如,柏拉图,希腊,鱼,猫,大米,树,等等。
Noun /naʊn/
A noun is a word that names a person, place or thing.
Examples are: Plato, Greece, fish, cat, rice, tree etc.
3、动词
动词表示动作或状态。
比如,
动作动词,跑,跳,走,飞翔,等等
状态动词,是,感官动词(看起来,听起来,闻起来,尝起来,摸起来),似乎,保持,变成,等等。
状态动词也可以叫非动作动词。
Verb /vɜː(r)b/
A verb indicates an action or state.
Examples are:
action verbs: run, jump, walk, fly etc.
state verbs: be(am, is, are, was, were, been), sensory verbs (look, sound, smell, taste, feel), seem, stay, become, etc.
State verbs can also be called non-action verbs.
4、形容词
形容词,是用来描述、形容或修饰名词的词。
比如,大鱼,小猫
大,小,就是形容词。用来描述名词猫和鱼,提供一些关于猫和鱼的更细致的信息。
在汉语里,形容词往往可以跟“的”放在一起,甚至可以说,“的”是形容词的标志。
大的,小的,高的,矮的,胖的,瘦的,都是形容词,往往放在名词前面修饰该名词。
Adjective /ˈædʒɪktɪv/
An adjective is a word that describes a noun.
For example, in ' a big fish ' and ' a small cat ', both big and small are adjectives. They describe the nouns and give some information about them.
In Chinese, an adjective is commonly connected with “的”. You may say, its attribute is “的”
Words like big, small, tall, short, fat, thin, and so on are adjectives which are usually before a noun to describe it.
5、副词
副词常用来修饰形容词或动词,有时候,也可以修饰其他副词或句子。
汉语里面,副词有时会和“地”或“得”连用。甚至可以说,“地”和“得”是副词的标志。
比如,
独立副词:快,慢,很,太
副词带地:小心地,慢慢地,
副词带得:吃得快,走得慢,
副词修饰副词:很快,太慢
副词修饰句子:昨天,他去了公园。昨天是副词,修饰句子,为整个句子提供时间背景。
一般而言,在使用比较级时,less good(没那么好) 这种表达方式很少见,我们更喜欢用worse(更糟糕),但语法上less good是正确的。该句中“一般而言”是副词,修饰句子。
Adverb /ˈædvɜː(r)b/
An adverb is usually used to say something about an adjective or verb.
Sometimes, it can also be used to describe another adverb or a sentence.
In Chinese, an adverb is sometimes connected with “地”or “得”.
You may say, its attribute is “地”or“得”.
Example are:
fast, slow, very, too
carefully, slowly
run fast, walk slowly,
very fast, too slowly,
Yesterday he went to the park.
In this sentence, the word yesterday is an adverb which tells us when the whole thing happened.
Generally, we prefer worse rather than less good which is seldom in usage of comparative degree, but it is not wrong in grammar.
In this sentence, the word generally is an adverb which modifies the whole sentence.
6、连词
连词就是连接词,可以连接词、短语或句子。
比如,和,或者,但是,因为,尽管......
连接词,麦克和汤姆,麦克或汤姆
连接短语,1只很小的猫和1条很大的鱼
连接句子,麦克在这里但是汤姆不在。
麦克喜欢汤姆因为汤姆很搞笑。
麦克不喜欢汤姆尽管汤姆很搞笑。
Conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn/
A conjunction is a joining word.
It can join words, phrases or sentences.
Examples are: and, or, but, because, although etc.
Mike and Tom,Mike or Tom
a very small cat and a very big fish
Mike is here but Tom is not.
Mike likes Tom because Tom is funny.
Mike doesn't like Tom although Tom is funny.
7、介词
介词的定义,有点儿抽象。
简单地说,介词就是介于2个词之间的词,表明两个词之间的关系,一般可以分成3种关系:位置关系,时间关系,其他关系(基于1个句子更好理解)。
举例子说明,
书在桌子上,在...上,就是介词,表明,书和桌子,的(位置)关系。
如果去掉了“在…上”,句子就变成:书桌子。错误。
我们在房间里。在...里,就是介词,表明,我们和房间,的(位置)关系。
如果去掉了“在…里”,句子就变成:我们房间。错误。
也可以说“在”就是介词,上面两例是关于地点的,或者说位置关系。
他在晚上8点完成了作业。在就是介词,表明,完成和8点,的关系。
这例是关于时间的。
其他常见介词,在...前面/后面/下面/中间,在...时候,朝,通过/采用/经由...方式方法/途径/措施/工具,从,为了,由于,根据,等等。
Preposition /ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/

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