-文学翻译初步
第二课  理解文本：语法分析与语篇分析
一 、语法
二、语篇分析
Text 2
Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into relief by poor dress. Her hand and wrist were so finely formed that she could wear sleeves not less bare of style than those in which the Blessed Virgin appeared to Italian painters; and her profile as well as her stature and bearing seemed to gain the more dignity from her plain garments, which by the side of provincial fashion gave her the impressiveness of a fine quotation from the Bible,— or from one of our elder poets,— in a paragraph of to-day’s newspaper. She was usually spoken of as being remarkably clever, but with the addition that her sister Celia had more common-sense. Nevertheless, Celia wore scarcely more trimmings; and it was only to
close observers that her dress differed from her sister’s, and had a shade of coquetry in its arrangements; for Miss Brooke’s plain dressing was due to mixed conditions, in most of which her sister shared. The pride of being ladies had something to do with it: the Brooke connections, though not exactly aristocratic, were unquestionably “good:” if you inquired backward for a generation or two, you would not find any yard-measuring or parcel-tying forefathers — anything lower than an admiral or a clergyman; and there was even an ancestor discernible as a Puritan gentleman who served under Cromwell, but afterwards conformed, and managed to come out of all political troubles as the proprietor of a respectable family estate. Young women of such birth, living in a quiet country-house, and attending a village church hardly larger than a parlor, naturally regarded frippery as the ambition of a huckster’s daughter.
—George Eliot, Middlemarch (Ch. 1, “Miss Brooke”)
Text 2
Passing the visions, passing the night,
Passing, unloosing the hold of my comrades' hands,
Passing the song of the hermit bird and the tallying song of my soul,
Victorious song, death's outlet song, yet varying ever-altering song,
As low and wailing, yet clear the notes, rising and falling, flooding the night,
Sadly sinking and fainting, as warning and warning, and yet again bursting with joy,
Covering the earth and filling the spread of the heaven,
As that powerful psalm in the night I heard from recesses,
Passing, I leave thee lilac with heart-shaped leaves,
I leave thee there in the door-yard, blooming, returning with spring.
I cease from my song for thee,
From my gaze on thee in the west, fronting the west, communing with thee,
O comrade lustrous with silver face in the night.
Yet each to keep and all, retrievements out of the night,
The song, the wondrous chant of the gray-brown bird,
And the tallying chant, the echo arous'd in my soul,
With the lustrous and drooping star with the countenance full of woe,
With the holders holding my hand nearing the call of the bird,
Comrades mine and I in the midst, and their memory ever to keep for the dead I loved so well,
For the sweetest, wisest soul of all my days and lands -- and this for his dear sake,
Lilac and star and bird twined with the chant of my soul,
There in the fragrant pines and the cedars dusk and dim.
—Walt Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” (excerpted)
Relief: sharpness of outline due to contrast <a roof in bold relief against the sky> bhermit : the state of being distinguished by contrast <throws the two opinions into bold relief>
Profile: a representation of something in outline; especially : a human head or face represented or seen in a side view
1. His profile is very unusual.
2. An image of the President's profile appears on the coin.
3. I read a profile of her in a magazine.
Trimming: a decorative accessory or additional item <trimmings for a hat>
Coquetry: a flirtatious act or attitude
1. <her compulsive coquetry at parties was embarrassing for her husband>
Conform: to act in accordance with prevailing standards or customs <the pressure to conform>
Proprietor: a person who has the legal right or exclusive title to something : owner
Frippery: a : finery; also : an elegant or showy garment b : something showy, frivolous, or nonessential c : ostentation; especially : something foolish or affectedly elegant
1. The design is simple and devoid of needless frippery.
2. <dressed in their most elegant frippery for the big gala at the symphony>
Huckster: a peddler.

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