第四代编程语⾔_⼏代编程语⾔
第四代编程语⾔
⼏代编程语⾔ (Generations of programming language)
have been developed over the year in a phased manner. Each phase of developed has made the programming language more user-friendly, easier to use and more powerful. Each phase of improved made in the development of the programming languages can be referred to as a generation. The programming language in terms of their performance reliability and
different generations,
robustness can be grouped into five different generations
⼀年来已经分阶段开发了 。 开发的每个阶段都使编程语⾔更加⽤户友好，更易于使⽤和更强⼤。 编程语⾔开发中进⾏的每个改进阶段都可以称为⼀代。 就其性能可靠性和鲁棒性⽽⾔，编程语⾔可以分为五代
五代 ，
1. First generation languages (1GL)
第⼀代语⾔(1GL)
2. Second generation languages (2GL)
第⼆代语⾔(2GL)
3. Third generation languages (3GL)
第三代语⾔(3GL)
4. Fourth generation languages (4GL)
第四代语⾔(4GL)
5. Fifth generation languages (5GL)
第五代语⾔(5GL)
1.第⼀代语⾔(机器语⾔) (1. First Generation Language (Machine language))
The first generation programming language is also called low-level programming language because they were used to program the computer system at a very low level of abstraction. i.e. at the machine level. The machine language also
referred to as the native language of the computer system is the first generation programming language. In the machine language, a programmer only deals with a binary number.
第⼀代编程语⾔也被称为低级编程语⾔，因为它们被⽤来以⾮常低的抽象级别对计算机系统进⾏编程。 即在机器级别。 机器语⾔也称为计算机系统的本地语⾔，是第⼀代编程语⾔。 在机器语⾔中，程序员仅处理⼆进制数。
Advantages of first generation language
第⼀代语⾔的优势
They are translation free and can be directly executed by the computers.
它们是免费翻译的，可以由计算机直接执⾏。
The programs written in these languages are executed very speedily and efficiently by the CPU of the computer system.
⽤这些语⾔编写的程序可以由计算机系统的CPU快速⾼效地执⾏。
The programs written in these languages utilize the memory in an efficient manner because it is possible to keep track of each bit of data.
⽤这些语⾔编写的程序可以有效地利⽤内存，因为可以跟踪数据的每⼀位。
2.第⼆代语⾔(汇编语⾔) (2. Second Generation language (Assembly Language))
The second generation programming language also belongs to the category of low-level- programming language. The second generation language comprises assembly languages that use the concept of mnemonics for the writing program. In the assembly language, symbolic names are used to represent the opcode and the operand part of the instruction.
第⼆代编程语⾔也属于低级编程语⾔的类别。 第⼆代语⾔包括使⽤助记符概念编写程序的汇编语⾔。 在汇编语⾔中，符号名⽤于表⽰指令的操作码和操作数部分。
Advantages of second generation language
程序员最常用的编程语言
第⼆代语⾔的优势
It is easy to develop understand and modify the program developed in these languages are compared to those
developed in the first generation programming language.
与以第⼀代编程语⾔开发的程序相⽐，易于开发理解和修改以这些语⾔开发的程序。
The programs written in these languages are less prone to errors and therefore can be maintained with a great case.
⽤这些语⾔编写的程序不太容易出错，因此可以很好地维护。
3.第三代语⾔(⾼级语⾔) (3. Third Generation languages (High-Level Languages))
The third generation programming languages were designed to overcome the various limitations of the first and second generation programming languages. The languages of the third and later generation are considered as a high-level language because they enable the programmer to concentrate only on the logic of the programs without considering the internal architecture of the computer system.
第三代编程语⾔旨在克服第⼀代和第⼆代编程语⾔的各种限制。 第三代及以后的语⾔被视为⾼级语⾔，因为它们使程序员仅专注于程序的逻辑，⽽⽆需考虑计算机系统的内部体系结构。
Advantages of third generation programming language
第三代编程语⾔的优势
It is easy to develop, learn and understand the program.
开发，学习和理解程序很容易。
As the program written in these languages are less prone to errors they are easy to maintain.
由于使⽤这些语⾔编写的程序不易出错，因此易于维护。
The program written in these languages can be developed in very less time as compared to the first and second generation language.
与第⼀代和第⼆代语⾔相⽐，⽤这些语⾔编写的程序可以在很短的时间内开发出来。
Examples: FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, C++, C
Examples:
⽰例： FORTRAN，ALGOL，COBOL，C ++，C
⽰例：
4.第四代语⾔(⾮常⾼级的语⾔) (4. Fourth generation language (Very High-level Languages))
The languages of this generation were considered as very high-level programming languages required a lot of time and effort that affected the productivity of a programmer. The fourth generation programming languages were designed and developed to reduce the time, cost and effort needed to develop different types of software applications.
新⼀代语⾔被认为是⾮常⾼级的编程语⾔，需要⼤量时间和精⼒，从⽽影响了程序员的⽣产率。 第四代编程语⾔的设计和开发是为了减少开发不同类型的软件应⽤程序所需的时间，成本和精⼒。
Advantages of fourth generation languages
第四代语⾔的优势
These programming languages allow the efficient use of data by implementing the various database.
这些编程语⾔通过实现各种数据库，可以有效地使⽤数据。
They require less time, cost and effort to develop different types of software applications.
他们需要更少的时间，成本和精⼒来开发不同类型的软件应⽤程序。
The program developed in these languages are highly portable as compared to the programs developed in the
languages of other generation.
与以其他语⾔开发的程序相⽐，以这些语⾔开发的程序具有⾼度的可移植性。
Examples: SOL, CSS, coldfusion
Examples:
⽰例： SOL，CSS，coldfusion
⽰例：
5.第五代语⾔(⼈⼯智能语⾔) (5. Fifth generation language (Artificial Intelligence Language))
The programming languages of this generation mainly focus on constraint programming. The major fields in which the fifth generation programming language are employed are Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks
这⼀代的编程语⾔主要关注约束编程。 采⽤第五代编程语⾔的主要领域是⼈⼯智能和⼈⼯神经⽹络
Advantages of fifth generation languages
第五代语⾔的优势
These languages can be used to query the database in a fast and efficient manner.
这些语⾔可⽤于快速有效地查询数据库。
In this generation of language, the user can communicate with the computer system in a simple and an easy manner.
在这种语⾔的产⽣中，⽤户可以以简单和容易的⽅式与计算机系统通信。
Examples: mercury, prolog, OPS5
Examples:
⽰例：汞，序⾔，OPS5
⽰例：
第四代编程语⾔

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