2020年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试（浙江卷）
2020年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试（浙江卷）
第⼆部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第⼀节（共10⼩题：每⼩题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短⽂，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂⿊。
A
I am an active playgoer and play-reader，and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright（剧作家）hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection，for that would，indeed，ruin the pleasure of reading，discussing，and thinking about the plays and the effecti
veness of the playwright. However，a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy，satire，poignant drama，historical and regional drama. To show the versatility（多⾯性）of the short play，I have included a guidance play，a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection，Paul Green，Susan Glaspell，Maxwell Anderson，Thornton Wilder，William Saroyan，and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
To get the most out of reading these plays，try to picture the play on stage，with you，the reader，in the audience. The houselights dim（变暗）. The curtains are about to open，and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph? （）
A. He has written dozens of plays.
B. He has a deep love for the theater.
C. He is a professional stage actor.
D. He likes reading short plays to others.
22. What does the author avoid doing in his work? （）
A. Stating the plays' central ideas.
B. Selecting works by famous playwrights.
C. Including various types of plays.
D. Offering information on the playwrights.
23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays? （）
A. Control their feelings.
B. Apply their acting skills.
C. Use their imagination.
D. Keep their audience in mind.
24. What is this text? （）
A. A short story.
adaptiveB. An introduction to a book.
C. A play review.
D. An advertisement for a theater.
【语篇导航】
【背景知识】
playgoer：戏剧爱好者
Paul Green：保罗·格林，美国剧作家（1894-1981），代表作有《旭⽇的赞歌》、《约翰尼·约翰逊》。
Susan Glaspell：苏珊·格拉斯佩尔，美国剧作家、⼩说家（1876-1948），代表作有《琐事》。Maxwell Anderson：马克斯韦尔·安德森，美国剧作家（1888-1959），代表作有《第六感⽣死缘》、《安妮的千⽇》等。
Thornton Wilder：桑顿·怀尔德，美国剧作家、⼩说家（1897-1975），代表作有《我们的城市》、《圣路易斯雷的桥》等。William Saroyan：威廉·萨洛扬，美国剧作家、⼩说家（1908-1981），代表作有《你这⼀辈⼦》等。
Tennessee Williams：⽥纳西·威廉斯，美国剧作家（1911-1983），代表作有《欲望号街车》、《玻璃动物园》等。Pulitzer Prizes：普利策奖，美国最有名的⽂学奖项之⼀，是根据美籍匈⽛利⼈约瑟夫·普利策的遗愿设⽴的，只颁给美国国籍的作家。
【语篇解读】
1.关键词：theater；playwright；reading
2.⽂章⼤意：本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂，介绍了作者⾃⼰写作⼿法、特⾊以及他的书的⼤致内容，包括其中提到的著名美国剧作家，最后作者给读者推荐了最合适的阅读⽅法。
【语⾔知识】
1.重难点词
edit v.编辑
enthusiasm n.热情
central adj.中⼼的
create v.创造
ruin v.毁灭
effectiveness n.效率
represent v.代表
contribution n. 贡献
picture v.想象
2.短语积累
< 与……分享……
search through 搜寻
dozens of ⼏打……
get across 使……被理解
point out 指出
a variety of 各种各样的
at the end of 在……的结尾
be about to 正要做……
3.长难句分析
①To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.（第⼀段第⼆句）
分析：本句为主从复合句。to do为不定式作⽬的状语，that引导限制性定语从句修饰先⾏词the ones。
译⽂：为了做到这个，我搜寻了⼏打的剧本，就是为了到那些个我认为能够最好的向读者展⽰短剧的⼒量及其创作⽬的。
② It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection，for that would，indeed，ruin the pleasure of reading，discussing，and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.（第⼆段第三句）
分析：这个长句⼦中包含有形式主语以及原因状语从句。it作形式主语，真正的主语是后⾯的不定式to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection；for引导原因状语从句。
译⽂：阐明这本书中所提及的每⼀篇戏剧的中⼼思想不是我的⽬的，因为这样做会影响对剧本以及剧作家效率的可阅读性、可讨论性以及思考性等带来的乐趣体验。
【答案详解】
21.B 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据第⼀段第⼀句“I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.”可知，作者不仅是⼀个戏剧的读者，还是⼀个戏剧爱好者，他写这本书的⽬的就是更⼴⼤读者分享⾃⼰对戏剧的热爱。⽂中并未提及作者是剧作家或者是演员或者是作者喜欢跟⼤家读剧本这件事，A、C、D项排除；故选B。
22.A 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据第⼆段第三句“It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.”可知，作者并未打算将每本剧本的中⼼思想罗列在书中。故选A。
23.C 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据最后⼀段第⼀句“To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.”可知，作者给读者在阅读这本书时提出的建议就是尝试⾝临其境，在脑海中想象⼀下戏剧正在上演的场景。故选C。
24.B 推理判断题
【解题思路】本⽂第⼀段讲述了作者的写作⽬的，第⼆段讲述了做这些这本书的⼿法、⽅法，第三段讲述了作者这部作品的内容，最后⼀段作者给读者提出了读书时的建议，因此本⽂在介绍⼀本书。故选B。
B
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue，Washington，generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row，especially at rush hour. At9：30am，the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9：33am，a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9：37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue，a fast-growing city，just east of Seattle，uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US：intersection（⼗字路⼝）signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights，known as adaptive signals，have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed，” says Alex Stevanovic，a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue's success，adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke，a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute，says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities，others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
“It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just
making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? （）
A. Increased length of green lights.
B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals.
D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals? （）
A. ' They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue's success? （）
A. It is rewarding to try new things.
B. The old methods still work today.
C. I pays to put theory into practice.
D. The simplest way is the best way. 【语篇导航】
【语篇解读】
4.关键词：adaptive signals；traffic jam
5.⽂章⼤意：本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂，⽂章介绍了智能信号灯的利与弊。
【语⾔知识】
4.重难点词
flash v.发光
burst n.爆发
additional adj. 额外的
adaptive adj. 可变化的
demand n.需求
address v. 解决
particularly adv.极其
beneficial adj.有益的
reduction n. 减少
approach n. ⽅法；⼿段
5.短语积累
rush hour 繁忙时段
by design 有意地
gain popularity 受欢迎
adjust to 调整
known as 作为……⽽出名
lead to 导致
< 如此……以⾄于……
make a difference 产⽣影响
in the value of 在……的价值中
reaction to 对……的反应
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
6.长难句分析
② Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed.（第三段第⼀句）
分析：本句含宾语从句、限制性定语从句。第⼀个that引导宾语从句，第⼆个that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先⾏词demand。
译⽂：智能信号灯保证了特定的交通需求能够得到解决。
② Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.（第四段第⼆句）
分析：本句含同位语、宾语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句。“a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute”为同位语，解释说明了Kevin Balke的⾝份；第⼀个that引导宾语从句；while引导让步状语从句，表⽰“对⽐转折”，译作“尽管”；第⼆个that引导结果状语从句，与so搭配。
译⽂：德克萨斯的A&M⼤学交通学院研究⼯程师凯⽂·巴尔克说，尽管智能信号灯对部分城市的交通来说好处很多。但是仍有其他城市交通还是⾮常拥堵，以⾄于只有⼤幅度减少路上的汽车数量，才能对缓解交通问题产⽣有意义的影响。
【答案详解】
25.C 推理判断题
【解题思路】根据第⼆段第⼀句，即划线词所在句“That is by design”可知，that指代的事情是有意设计的，因此定位到第⼀段“Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.”即信号灯变化的时间是可以灵活改变的，精⼼设计的。故选C。
26.D 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据第四段第⼆、三句“Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road
will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,”he says.”可知，智能信号灯只在部分城市（⼩型城市）解决交通堵塞问题中有效果，对于交通堵塞情况严重的城市没什么作⽤。故选D。
27.A 推理判断题
【解题思路】最后⼀段“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.”可知，能学到的经验教训就是积极采纳（welcome）新的⽅法解决问题
是很有价值的。故选A。
C
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