CODE OF SAFE PRACTICE FOR CARGO STOWAGE AND SECURING
IMO LONDON 1992
Preface
Upon instructions by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) the SubCommittee on Containers and Cargoes developed the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing. The Code was approved by the
Committee at its fifty-eighth session (May 1990) and adopted by the Assembly at its seventeenth regular session (November 1991) by resolution A.714(17).
The Assembly recommended that Governments implement the Code at the earliest possible opportunity and requested the MSC to keep it under review and amend it, as necessary.
The present edition of the Code includes, as appendices, various texts which have been issued by the Organization and are considered relevant to cargo stowage and securing. Any amendments or revisions which may be made in future will be included in subsequent editions of the Code.
Resolution A.714(17)
(adopted 6 November 1991)
THE ASSEMBLY,
RECALLING Article 15(j) of the Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Assembly in relation to regulations and guidelines concerning maritime safety,
RECALLING ALSO resolution A.489(Xll) on safe stowage and securing of cargo units and other entities in ships other than cellular containerships and MSC/Circ.385 of January 1985 containing the provisions to be included in a cargo securing manual to be carried on board ships,
RECALLING FURTHER resolution A.533(13) on elements to be taken into account when considering the safe stowage and securing of cargo units and vehicles in ships,
securingCONSIDERING the revised IMO/lLO Guidelines for Packing Cargo in Freight Containers or Vehicles,
CONSIDERING ALSO resolution A.581(14) on guidelines for securing arrangements for the transport of road vehicles on ro—ro ships,
BEARING IN MIND that a number of serious accidents have occurred as a result of inadequate secu
ring arrangements on board and deficient stowage and securing of cargoes in vehicles and containers, and that only proper stowage and securing of cargo on adeqately designed and properly equipped ships can prevent the occurrence of such accidents in the future,
RECOGNIZING the need to improve the stowage and securing of cargoes shown by experience to create specific hazards to the safety of ships, and the stowage and securing of road vehicles transported on board ro—ro ships,
RECOGNIZING FURTHER that such improvement could be achieved by the establishment of a composite code of safe practice for cargo stowage and securing on board ships, including packing or loading cargo in road vehicles and freight containers,
BELIEVING that the application of such a code of safe practice would enhance maritime safety,
HA VING CONSIDERED the recommendations made by the Maritime Safety Committee at its fifty-eighth session,
1. ADOPTS the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing set out in the annex to the present resolution;
2. URGES Governments to implement this Code at the earliest possible opportu nity;
3. REQUESTS the Maritime Safety Committee to keep this Code under review and to amend it, as necessary;
4. REVOKES resolution A.288(VIll).
Annex
Code of Safe Practice for
Cargo Stowage and Securing
FOREWORD
The proper stowage and securing of cargoes is of the utmost importance for the safety of life at sea. Improper stowage and securing of cargoes has resulted in numerous serious ship casualties and caused injury and loss of life, not only at sea but also during loading and discharge.
In order to deal with the problems and hazards arising from improper stowage and securing of certai
n cargoes on ships, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued guidelines in the form of either Assembly resolutions or circulars adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC); these are listed hereunder:
• Safe stowage and securing of cargo units and other entities in ships other than cellular containerships, resolution A.489(Xll) [see appendix 1];
• Provisions to be included in the Cargo Securing Manual to be carried on board ships, MSC/Circ.385 [see appendix 2];
• Elements to be taken into account when considering the safe stowage and securing of cargo units and vehicles in ships, resolution A.533(13) [see appendix 3];
• Guidelines for Securing Arrangements for the Transport of Road Vehicles on Ro—Ro Ships, resolution A.581(14) [see appendix 4];
• IMO/lLO Guidelines for Packing Cargo in Freight Containers or Vehicles [see lMO publication sales number lMO-28.4E (same title) or the Supplement to the IMDG Code (sales number lMO-210E)];
• Entry into enclosed spaces, MSC/Circ.487 [see appendix 5].
The accelerations acting on a ship in a seaway result from a combination of longitudinal, vertical and predominantly transverse motions. The forces created by these accelerations give rise to the majority of securing problems.
The hazards arising from these forces should be dealt with by taking measures both to ensure proper stowage and securing of cargoes on board and to reduce the amplitude and frequency of ship motions.
The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard to promote the safe stowage and securing of cargoes by:
• drawing the attention of shipowners and ship operators to the need to ensure that the ship is suitable for its intended purpose;
• providing advice to ensure that the ship is equipped with proper cargo securing means;
• providing general advice concerning the proper stowage and securing of cargoes to minimize the risks to the ship and personnel;
• providing specific advice on those cargoes which are known to create difficulties and hazards with r
egard to their stowage and securing;
• advising on actions which may be taken in heavy sea conditions; and
• advising on actions which may be taken to remedy the effects of cargo shifting.
In providing such advice, it should be borne in mind that the master is responsible for the safe conduct of the voyage and the safety of the ship, its crew and its cargo.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
All cargoes should be stowed and secured in such a way that the ship and persons on board are not put at risk.
The safe stowage and securing of cargoes depend on proper planning, execution and supervision.
Personnel commissioned to tasks of cargo stowage and securing should be properly qualified and experienced.
Personnel planning and supervising the stowage and securing of cargo should have a sound practical knowledge of the application and content of the Cargo Securing Manual, if provided.
In all cases, improper stowage and securing of cargo will be potentially hazardous to the securing of other cargoes and to the ship itself.
Decisions taken for measures of stowage and securing cargo should be based on the most severe weather conditions which may be expected by experience for the intended voyage.
Ship-handling decisions taken by the master, especially in bad weather conditions, should take into account the type and stowage position of the cargo and the securing arrangements.
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL
1.1 A pplication
This Code applies to cargoes carried on board ships (other than solid and liquid bulk cargoes and timber stowed on deck) and, in particular, to those cargoes whose stowage and securing have proved in practice to create difficulties.
1.2 D efinitions of the terms used For the purposes of this Code:
Cargo unit means a vehicle, container, flat, pallet, portable tank, packaged unit, or any other entity, et
c., and loading equipment, or any part thereof, which belongs to the ship but is not fixed to the ship as defined in Assembly resolution A.489(Xlt). Intermediate bulk container (1BC) means a rigid, semi-rigid or flexible portable bulk container packaging of a capacity of not more than 3 m3 (3,000 1), designed for mechanical handling and tested for its satisfactory resistance to handling and
transport stresses.
Portable tank means a tank which is not permanently secured on board a ship, and has a capacity of more than 450 1 and a shell fitted with external stabilizing members and items of service equipment and structural equipment necessary for the transport of gases, liquids or solids.
Road tank-vehicle means a vehicle with wheels and fitted with a tank or tanks intended for the transport of gases, liquids or solids by both road and sea modes of transport, the tank or tanks of which are rigidly and permanently attached to the vehicle during all normal operations of loading, transport and discharge and are neither filled nor emptied on board.
Road vehicle means a commercial vehicle, semi-trailer, road train, articulated road train or a combination of vehicles, as defined in Assembly resolution A.581(14).
Roll-trailer means a low vehicle for the carriage of cargo with one or more wheel axles on the rear and a support on the front end, which is towed or pushed in the port to and from its stowage on board the ship by a special tow-vehicle.
Ro-ro ship means a ship which has one or more decks either closed or open, not normally subdivided in any way and generally running the entire length of the ship, carrying goods which are loaded and unloaded normally in a horizontal manner.
Unit load means that a number of packages are either:
.1 placed or stacked, and secured by strapping, shrink-wrapping or other suitable means, on to a load board such as a pallet; or
.2 placed in a protective outer packaging such as a pallet box; or
.3 permanently secured together in a sling.
1.3 F orces
1.3.1 Forces, which have to be absorbed by suitable arrangements for stowage and securing to prevent cargo shifting, are generally composed of components acting relative to the axes of the ship:
• longitudinal;
• transverse; and
• vertical.
Remark: For the purpose of stowage and securing cargo, longitudinal and transverse forces are considered predominant.
1.3.2 Transverse forces alone, or the resultant of transverse, longitudinal and vertical forces, normally increase with the height of the stow and the longitudinal distance of the stow from the ship’s centre of motion in a seaway. The most severe

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