音素和国际音标
1.什么是音素:音素是语音的最小单位。
2.音素的分类:元音和辅音。
3.音素的个数:共48个,元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。
4.什么是音标:记录音素的符号叫做音标。
12个单元音
长元音
[a:]
[ә:]
[i:]
[ɔ:]
[u:]
短元音
[Λ]
[ә]
[i]
[ɔ]
[u]
[æ]
[e]
8个双元音
[ai]
[ei]
[ɔi]
[iә ]
[eә ]
[uә ]
[au]
[әu]
stops是什么音
10
清辅音
[p]
[t]
[k]
[f]
[s]
[]
[t]
[tr]
[θ]
[ts]
浊辅音
[b]
[d]
[g]
[v]
[z]
[3]
[d3]
[dr]
[ð]
[dz]
3个鼻音
[m]
[n]
[η]
3个似拼音
[h]
[r]
[l]
2个半元音
[w]
[j]
一.12个单元音
1. /i:/ bee/bi:/  feet/fi:t/  keep/ki:p/  key/ki:/  team/ti:m/  meet/mi:t/   
2. /i/  it /it/  big/big/  city/siti/  give/giv/  sick/sik/
3. /ə:/ nurse/nə:s/  bird/bə:d/  burn/bə:n/  turn/tə:n/  girl/gə:l/
4. /ə / better/betə/  never/nevə/  worker/wə:kə/  welcome/welkəm/
5. / ɔ:/ horse/hɔ: s/  saw/sɔ:/  corn/kɔ:n/  course/kɔ:s/  salt/sɔ:t/
6. / ɔ / dog/dɔg/  pot/pɔt/  cost/kɔst/  what/wɔt/  honest/′ɔnist/
7. /u:/ food/fu:d/  moon/mu:n/  rule/ru:l/  loose/lu:s/  noon/nu:n/
8. /u/ book/buk/  put/put/  good/gud/  would/wud/  could/kud/
9. /a:/ laugh/la:f/  glass/gla:s/  half/ha:f/  farm/fa:m/  park/pa:k/
10. / ʌ / must/mʌst/  does/dʌz/  money/′mʌni/  ugly/′ʌgli/  come/kʌm/
11. /e/ get/get/  best/best/  text/tekst/  help/help/
12. /æ/  fat/fæt/  have/hæv/  cat/kæt/  back/bæk/  hat/hæt/
二.8个双元音
1 ./ei/ may/mei/  name/neim/  game/geim/  eight/eit/  age/eidʒ/
2. /ai/ eye/ai/  time/taim/  buy/bai/  right/rait/  bike/baik/  kite/kait/
3. /ɔi/   boy/bɔi/  toy/tɔi/  noise/nɔiz/  voice/vɔis/  point/pɔint/  coin/kɔin/
4. /au/ now/nau/  out/aut/  how/hau/  about/ ə′baut/ south/sauθ/  house/haus/
5. /əu/ no/nəu/  home/həum/  hope/həup/  wrote/rəut/  note/nəut/  pose/pəuz/
6. /iə/ ear/iə/  near/niə/  idea/ai′diə/  hear/hiə/  mere/miə/  spear/spiə/ 
7. /εə/   air/εə/  tear/tεə/  care/kεə/  dare/dεə/  fair/fεə/  there/ðεə/
8. /uə/ tour/tuə/  poor/puə/  sure/ʃuə/  moor/muə/(停泊)  your/juə/ 
三.10对辅音
1. /p/ pea/pi:/  pie/pai/  top/tɔp/  cap/kæp/  people/pi:pl/  pride/praid/
2. /b/  bee/bi:/  by/bai/  buy/bai/  black/blæk/  bear/bεə/
3. /t/ let/let/  sat/sæt/  feet/fi:t/  team/ti:m/  tide/taid/
4. /d/ led/led/  sad/sæd/  feed/fi:d/  do/du:/  dear/diə/
5. /k/ lack/læk/  take/teik/  clock/klɔk/  class/kla:s/  weekend/′wi:kend/
6. /g/ big/big/  lag/læg/  glass/gla:s/  gum/gʌm/  good/gud/  guest/gest/
7. /s/  face/feis/  mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/  caps/kæps/  likes/laiks/  stops/stɔps/
8. /z/ close/kləuz/  keys/ki:z/  boys/bɔiz/  pens/penz/  halves/ha:vz/ 
9. /ʃ/   she/ʃi:/  sharp/ʃa:p/  fish/fiʃ/  shock/ʃɔk/  shoe/ʃu:/
10. /ʒ/  pleasure/′pleʒə/  measure/′meʒə/  television/′teliviʒən/
11. /tʃ/ catch/kætʃ/ cheep/tʃi:p/ rich/ritʃ/ watch/wtʃ/ child/tʃaild/  question/kwestʃən/ 
12. /dʒ/  orange/′ɔridʒ/  large/la:dʒ/  juice/dʒu:s/  job/dʒɔb/
13. /f/   face/feis/  fast/fa:st/  leaf/li:f/  surf/sə:f/  favorite/′feivərit/
14. /v/ very/′veri/  five/faiv/  fever/′fi:və/  serve/sə:v/  never/′nevə/
15. /θ/ bath/ba:θ/  mouth/mauθ/  thought/θɔ:t/  truth/tru:θ/  thank [θæŋk] you
16. /ð/  the/ ðə/  they/ðei/  that/ðæt/  mother/′mʌðə/  thus/ ðʌs/  then/ðen/
17. /ts/  let′s/lets/  sports/spɔ:ts/  puts/puts/  writes/raits/  seats/si:ts/ 
18. /dz/ hands/hændz/  birds/bə:dz/  friends/freindz/  beds/bedz/  stands/stændz/
19. /tr/  tree/tri:/  try/trai/  true/tru:/  trouble/traubl/  track/træk/
20. /dr/ dry/drai/  dream/dri:m/  dress/dres/  drink/driŋk/  hundred/′hʌndrid/
四.3个似拼音
1. /h/ he/ hi:/  hard/ha:d/  him/him/  heard/hə:d/  half/ha:f/
2. /r/ red/red/  road/rəud/  write/rait/  wrong/rɔŋ/  problem/′prɔbləm/ 
3. /l/  like/laik/  late/leit/  learn/lə:n/  lead/li:d/  light/lait/
五.3个鼻音
1. /m/ my/mai/  more/mɔ:/  seem/si:m/  meat/mi:t/  mind/maind/  men/men/
2. /n/  nice/nais/  wind/waind/  mind/maind/  rain/rein/  fine/fain/
3. /ŋ/  sing/siŋ/ wing/wiŋ/  ring/riŋ/  long/lɔŋ/  beautiful/bju:təfl/
六.2个半元音
1. /w/ work/wə:k/  way/wei/  well/wel/  what/wɔt/  twelve/twelv/  twin/twin/
2. /j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/  excuse/ik′skju:z/
5.爆破音 /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
6.摩擦音/ f / , / v /;/ θ / , / ð /;/ s / , / z / ;/ ʃ / , / ʒ / ;/ h / , / r / 
7.浊化音
    sp__, st___, sk___开头的单词,在重读音节中清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/分别发浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/
    e.g.  spy  stand  sky  school
8.定冠词the的读音
  e.g. 1)辅音前the [ðə] man  2)元音前 the [ði]old man  3)表示强调也读the [ði]
9.连读
    1 爆破音[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] 后面紧跟另一个爆破音时,前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍,而不能完全读出。 e.g. basketball [ˈbɑ:skɪ(t)bɔ:l]  Gla(d) to meet you

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