2015年浙江卷 阅读理解C篇
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant
haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night — dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth — is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁).The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage — the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
50. 目前php 的最新版本According to the passage, human beings _____.
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
input属性 passwordD. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
51. What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to _____?
A. The night.            B. The moon.
C. The sky.                      D. The planet.
winform第三方开源ui库52. The writer mentions birds and frogs to.
A. provide examples of animal protection
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B. show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
53. It is implied in the last paragraph that _____.
A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
54. What might be the best title for the passage?
position of the dayA. The Magic Light.                    B. The Orange Haze.
C. The Disappearing Night.            D. The Rhythms of Nature.
【文章大意】
本文主要讲述了光污染带来的影响。
【答案解析】
50. B 细节理解题。根据第一段的Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. 可知人类习惯在阳光下生活。
51. A 词义猜测题。根据Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.中的night可知it一词指的是“夜晚”。
52. B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的The effect is so powerful that可知作者下面提到鸟类和青蛙是为了说明光对动物的影响。
53. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe可推断“人类应该明确他们在宇宙中的位置”。
keyboard是哪个键54. C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了光污染带来的危害。由于人类习惯了生活在有光线的地方，所以即使到了夜间，到处都充斥着灯光，我们似乎见不到真正的夜晚了。由此可知C项可以概括文章的主旨。

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