felicity condition5个条件(一)
Introduction
“Felicity conditions” refers to a set of five criteria that must be met in order for a speech act to be successful. These conditions were first introduced by philosopher J.L. Austin.
The Five Felicity Conditions
The five felicity conditions are as follows:
1. Sincerity Condition
The speaker must sincerely intend to perform the speech act.
2. Propriety Condition
The speech act must be appropriate for the particular social context.
3. Grice’s Cooperative Principle
The speaker must make the speech act in a way that is consistent with Grice’s Cooperative Principle. This principle holds that people in conversation will work together to achieve a common goal, and that each person will contribute what is needed for the conversation to succeed.
4. Essential Elements Condition
The speech act must include all the essential elements needed for its success.
5. Preparatory Condition
cooperativeThe necessary conditions must be in place for the speech act to be successful. For example, if someone is making a promise, the conditions necessary for them to fulfill that promise must be present.
Conclusion
The felicity conditions help us understand the complex nature of speech acts and what m
akes them successful. By following these conditions, speakers can work towards achieving their communicative goals effectively.
Importance of Felicity Conditions
The concept of felicity conditions is crucial in the fields of linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. It helps us to understand the pragmatic aspects of language and how language is used in different social contexts. Following the felicity conditions can also help to avoid miscommunications and misunderstandings, which can lead to social conflict and breakdowns in communication.
Examples of Felicity Conditions
To better understand the concept of felicity conditions, let’s take a look at some examples:
Example 1
Sincerity condition: A person makes a promise to meet someone at a certain time and place.
Propriety condition: The promise is made in an appropriate social context, such as during a business meeting or social gathering.
Grice’s Cooperative Principle: The promise is made in a way that is clear and unambiguous, with the speaker intending to fulfill it.
Essential elements condition: The promise includes all the essential elements such as time and place.
Preparatory condition: The person making the promise has the necessary means to fulfill it, such as transportation to the agreed-upon location.
Example 2
Sincerity condition: A person asks a question.
Propriety condition: The question is appropriate for the social context, such as in a classroom or interview.
Grice’s Cooperative Principle: The question is clear, unambiguous, and relevant to the topic at hand.
Essential elements condition: The question includes all the necessary elements such as subject and verb.
Preparatory condition: The person being questioned has the necessary knowledge or information to answer the question.
Conclusion
The felicity conditions provide a useful framework for analyzing how people communicate and what makes their communication effective. By understanding and following these conditions, speakers can ensure that their speech acts are successful and achieve their intended aims.

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