高中英语一轮复习
介词和介词短语
[感悟高考]
单句语法填空/单句改错
1.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India , for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.(2016-全国III , 50)
2.My connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the
mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter.(2016-全国 I , 65)
3.For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away car and offers all the
scenery of the better - known city.(2015-全国 I , 66)
4.Now I am leaving home to college.(2016-全国III ,短文改错)
5.While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of
the fridge.(2016-浙江,短文改错)
『答案』1. 3.—for 5.in—on
[考点清单]
考点一常见介词的用法
1.表示时间的介词at, on, in和for
规则❶at表示某个时间点、时刻等,例如:at midnight, at dawn/daybreak, at sunrise/sunset, at dusk 等。
规则❷on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。例如:
on October the first, on a rainy day, on Christmas Eve, on the afternoon of his arrival 等。
规则❸in表示在某段较长的时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月份)或泛指上 午、下午和傍晚等。in the 1980's/1980s , in the Qing Dynasty , in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening 等。
规则❹for后跟“时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了多久,可与现在完成时、过
高中英语一轮复习
去时或将来时连用。
I have lived in this city for more than 10 years.
我在这座城市住了 10多年了。
2.表示交通方式的介词by, in和on
规则❶ 不涉及交通工具的名词时用by ,名词前不带冠词。例如:by sea/water/land/air 等。
规则❷ 涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词需用单数,其前面不加冠词和任何 修饰语。例如:by bike/plane/ship/train/spaceship/car 等。
规则❸ 当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主 代词、指示代词等修饰语。例如:on this plane, on my bike,in his car。
3.表示方位的 across, through 和 over
规则❶across表示“从 的表面穿过“。
He walked across the square to meet us.
他穿过广场来见我们。
规则❷through表示“从……的内部穿过”。
The guide led us through the forest.
向导领着我们穿过森林。
规则❸over表示“从……的上面跨过”。
The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.
贼跳过栅栏逃跑了。
4. beyond
规则❶表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于”。
It's beyond midnight now.Is he still watching the football match?
现在已经过了午夜了。他还在看足球赛吗?
规则❷ 表示“(位置)在……那一边,超出……;为……所不及,超出……的范 围”。
Beyond the river stood a power station.
过了这条河就是一个发电站。
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
高中英语一轮复习
听了她感人的故事,大家都被感动得无以言表。
5. against
规则❶ 表示“逆……方向,顶着;靠着,倚靠;碰着,撞击 (表示方向或位 置)”。
He stood with his back against the wall.
他背靠墙站着。
规则❷ 表示“反对(与for意义相反);违背”。
Others are against the idea, saying that learning English is useless and is a waste of
energy.
其他人反对这个观点,他们说学英语没用,并且浪费精力。
规则❸表示“防备,准备”。
Some animals store food against the winter.
talented的用法和短语有些动物为过冬储备食物。
They have got prepared against flood.
他们已经做好了防洪准备。
规则❹表示“衬托,相映”。
The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天的映衬下,山峰更显美丽。
6. with的用法
规则❶表示“和……一起,和,同,跟”。
Put this bag with the others.
把这个包和其他的包放在一起。
规则❷表示“(同时或同一方向)随着“。
With the vital exam drawing near, I felt so nervous that I even couldn't eat or sleep , thus making me very sleepy in class.
随着这场重要考试日益临近,我感到如此紧张以至于吃不下睡不着,因此课堂上 无精打采。
规则❸ 表示“具有,带有"、“由于,因为”或“(表示方式)用"。
The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money with me.
高中英语一轮复习
这本字典正是我想要的,但是我没带够钱。
There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school. 在我们学校自行 车存放处有一个长久以来就存在的问题。
考点二常见介词短语
规则❶in+名词
in advance提前,事先,预先in case如果,万一
in charge主管,掌管,看管,负责in return作为回报
in turn依次,替换地;相应地,转而
in vain徒劳,白费力气的
规则❷on+名词
on leave在休假 on holiday在度假
on strike 罢工 on sale 出售
规则❸beyond+名词
beyond one's power是某人力不能及的
beyond one's reach 够不着
beyond description 难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容
beyond doubt无疑; 肯定
规则❹under+名词
under construction 在建设中
under consideration 在考虑中
under repair在修理中
规则❺at+名词
at work在上班 at lunch在吃午饭
at rest在休息 at table在吃饭
at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态
规则❻out of+名词
out of breath上气不接下气地
out of balance失去平衡 out of touch失去联系
高中英语一轮复习
out of date过时的
规则❼in+名词+ of
in favour of同意,赞成 in honour of为纪念,为庆祝
in memory of 为纪念 in face of 面对
in need of 需要 in search of 寻
in charge of 负责 in spite of 尽管
in case of 如果,万一
考点三 “动词+介词”短语
规则❶动词+介词
laugh at嘲笑 agree on对 达成协议
look for 寻 set about 开始做
consist of 由 组成 devote…to…致力于
refer to参考;查阅
规则❷动词+副词+介词
go in for爱好;从事 put up with忍受
go back to 追溯到 go down to 认真做
规则❸动词+名词+介词
take advantage of 禾1用 pay attention to 注意
make use of 禾1用 come up with 提出
give in to向 让步
规则❹ 动词+ sb/sth+介词
prevent sb from…阻止某人做
remind sb of…提醒某人
inform sb of 通知某人
warn sb of警告某人
[正误探究]
1.【误】I like Mr.Miner's speech; it was clear and on__the_ point.
【正】I like Mr.Miner's speech; it was clear and to the point.
【探究】句意:我喜欢Miner先生的讲话,既清楚又切中要点。to the point意思
高中英语一轮复习
为“切中要点”。
2. 【误】 Did you really see the young man hit my brother on the face?
【正】 Did you really see the young man hit my brother in the face?
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