中科技博览中
Why a Robot Won t Take Your Job一
But It May Well Share It
机器人不会抢走你的工作，
反而可能创造新的就业机会
列、畅/选注
W e hear a lot of scare stories1about automation2,particularly when it comes to the workplace.Barely a week goes by without someone claiming we're all going to be replaced by robots,with automation making us redundant3by the millions4.It's easy to see why we—as employees and as businesses—would panic・
polarisedBut,in truth,artificial intelligence(Al)in the workplace is more of a nuanced5topic.
"Al tends to suffer from quite a polarised narrative："says Rob McCargow,director of Al at PwC,a profe
ssional services consultancy."On the one hand,it has been somewhat overhyped7in recent years as a magical technology,which overstates its current level of maturity.On the other hand,the dystopian8view of Al receives much more traction9than it deserves.M
McCargow admits that there are some very genuine concerns about the negative impact that Al"could have on society,but he's keen to stress that by focusing on dystopian scenarios10we risk missing the positive benefits that it could bring.
So,what do the experts think?In one report,Future Advocacy,a thinktank,estimates that about30%of jobs in the UK are at risk of
automation by the early2030s.Deloitte found in2017that20%of HR and business leaders were going to reduce the number of jobs at their companies because of AI.At first glance, things don't look entirely positive.
"The economy is going to be hit by wave after wave of automation over the coming years,M says Oily Buston,CEO at F u ture Advocacy."'Economists of all persuasions11 more or less agree on this.”
What economists disagree on,though,is ♦Notes:
£  1.scare story恐怖故事°
|  2. automation自动化（技术）c
f  3.redundant冗余的。
i  4.by the millions数以百万计的°
5.nuanced有细微差别的，微妙的。
6.polarised narrative两极分化的叙述c
J7.overhype过度宣扬。
18.dystopian反面乌托邦的，反面假想国的
|9.traction拖拉，牵引，此处指吸引力。
|10.scenario情景。
I11.persuasion此处指（宗教或政治）信仰.
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6
I
O
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中科技博览中
how many new jobs will be created to replace those that are going to be lost.A recent report by the W
orld Economic Forum suggested that while robots will displace1275m13jobs globally in the next10years,133m new jobs could be created because of automation.Similarly,the McKinsey Global Institute reckons that although between400m ancl800m jobs are at risk, advances in Al and automation could transform our working lives,creating new roles and freeing people up14to fill them.
u[Automation]makes businesses more productive,”McCargow says.His view is that it frees up employees to work on more complex tasks.Time-intensive,repetitive or dull jobs—such as data-entry15and expense reports16—can easily be automated,leaving human employees more time to attend to matters that require insight,creativity or imagination.
Buston agrees,but he emphasises that this transition will need to be carefully managed. "Although new technology creates great wealth,it can also drive inequality/*he says."But there is a possible future path in which technology creates great wealth and this wealth is shared—with machines doing the more boring and routine work,while people are freed up
to spend time on those creative and social aspects of work and leisure.It will take a big effort from government,businesses and individuals to lift us up on to this positive future path.But it is possible.，，
Future Advocacy suggests that government intervention17is an important 32©@00®gj@[BtrosgOosto
X X I
f12.displace移走。«t
f13.75m7500万＜m为 million的缩略形式。i i
up释放，腾出。
I
I17.intervention介入，干涉。
I15.dala-enlry数据输入。
i
。
中科技博览中
piece of the puzzle18.Around the world we'll need to develop smart,targeted strategies to address job displacement,taking into account how automation will affect different geographical areas."Policies should also provide financial and psychological support to the individuals impacted and the communities they live in,"Buston adds.
There are a number of things the private sector can do to prepare for the change,too.
"Business leaders need to take action now to help their employees reskill19for the new roles of the future,”McCargow says.u Change is already happening,so planning for the effects isn't something that can be delayed.Approaching automation in the right way for your workforce is all about preparation—understanding which tasks might be affected,and proactively20helping to redesign roles to make the best use of technology and people's skills. In many fields,AI will augment21rather than automate human work,so being clear and open with your workforce about the difference is essential.M
On the ground,this preparation takes a number of forms:training staff in new automated systems,giving them additional training to cope with changing roles,and educating them in the ways that automation will affect the workforce・Being proactive is key.This should, McCargow believes,make automation easier both for employees and for businesses themselves.
Sarah Clarke is a technical recruitment manager who works in automation.She's positive about the changes to the workforce that offloading22to machines will bring,saying that many of the businesses she works with are keen not to replace existing staff with automation or AI,but to train and upskill them—a net positive23for individuals,businesses and the economy.Clarke also believes that the growth of automation will create totally new job roles within the sector itself——giving people the perfect opportunity to find new careers.
"There's a serious lack of talent in[the automation]area,"she says・"So it's an ideal opportunity for people to move into engineering or other areas——there are so many jobs available for all manner of24skill levels."
Clearly,automation is going to have a major impact on economies and workforces. But it's up to us—as individuals,companies and nations—to ensure the transition is carried out with people,not just profits,in mind.闔
www.theguardian,Jan.30,2019|1&puzzle拼图。
j20.proactively主动地°
I21.augment扩大，增强。
|22.offload卸载，卸货。此处指将本来由人做
|的工作转嫁给机器。
f23 positive净正面效益。
I24.all manner of各种各样的o
:
©@00@g)@tlcro⑨(]隐h
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