⾼考英语所有题型解题技巧(套路)
听⼒
⼀.听⼒应试技巧与策略
听前:略读题⽬,切⼊话题,划出重点,预测内容(确定⼈物⾝份)
听中:捕捉信息,速记要点,有的放⽮,去伪存真(短⽂独⽩,⾸末为主旨句,注意5W,1H)【when,where,what/which,who,why,how】
听后:连贯记忆,前后联系,综合考虑,⼀锤定⾳。
⼆.快速记录能⼒
⼼记:这种能⼒对于解决听⼒第1节的问题⾮常适⽤。
笔记:
1)运⽤速记符号例如:↑up↓down←left→right=equal
2)发明并运⽤字母的缩写形式Ex——expensive lg——large eq——earthquake
三.预测技巧
1.对话预测:在听取对话,尤其是Part1-5——Short Conversation时,考⽣可以按照下例wh-问题进⾏预测:
1)Who are the two speakers?
2)What is the possible Relationships between them?
3)When did they have the conversation?
4)Where did the conversation take place?
5)Why do they have the conversation?
6)What did they plan to do?
2.语篇预测:了解讲话者已提供和未提供的信息
1)What facts did the speaker offer?
2)What facts did the speaker fail to offer?
3.依靠开篇句预测:英语听⼒的第⼀句话通常会透露整篇的主题,所以⼤家要善于抓住听⼒材料的⾸句信息。
例如:Americans have a popular saying “Time is money。”
从这⼀句开篇句我们可以预测的信息范围:
1)这是⼀篇关于时间的话题。
2)涉及对象是美国⼈。
四.听⼒特点及⾼分应试策略
话题⼴泛:购物、就餐、打电话、问路、看病、邀请、询问时间、谈论天⽓、假⽇活动、买票等,其内容包含新闻报道、社会⽣活、教育⽂化、风⼟⼈情、历史地理、科普知识、⼈物故事等。⾼中英语听⼒⼀般从以下⼏⽅⾯考查⼤家对⼝头语⾔的理解能⼒。
1.领略主旨⼤意,概括话题内容
这类试题在⾼中听⼒试题中约占2⼩题,它要求我们对听到的内容有⼀个整体的把握和全⾯的领
会,抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何⼀段对话或独⽩都是围绕⼀个中⼼展开的,有时主旨⼤意较明显,有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问⽅式有:
What’s the passage mainly about?
What’s the topic of the passage?
What are the two speakers doing?
What are the two speakers talking about?
What is the dialogue/conversation about?
2.捕捉主要细节,确认具体事实
这类试题在⾼中听⼒试题中约占8⼩题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中⼼相关的具体信息,准确理解具体细节,如时间、地点、⼈物、价钱、数量、⽬的、原因、结果等。同时,还要求我们对所听到的信息进⾏简单的处理,⽐如数字运算、时间顺序、⽐较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容,领会说话者意图,这是听⼒考查的重点内容。常见的提问⽅式有:
Where is the woman going?
How does the man pay for the tickets?
What’s wrong with the girl?
When does the woman plan to arrive?
What’s the man’s house number?
How many hours does Tom sleep a day?
Why does the man thank the woman?
Which of the following is true?
3.推测谈话背景,辨认⾓⾊关系
这类试题在⾼中听⼒试题中约占5⼩题,要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语⽓来推断出对话双⽅(或说话⼈)的职业⾝份,彼此之间(或与他⼈)的关系,对话发⽣的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问⽅式有:
Where does this conversation take place?
Where is the woman speaking?
Where did the conversation most likely happen?
When does the dialogue take place?
Who do you think the woman probably is?
What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
4.领会弦外之⾳,揣摩观点意图
这类试题在⾼中听⼒试题中约占5⼩题,它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之⾳”,也就是揣摩说话⼈的意图、观点或态度等,常见的提问⽅式有:
What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?
What can we know /learn about the woman?
What does the man mean?
What does the speakers want to tell us?
What is the probable result of the conversation?
五.常见⾼考听⼒考点归纳和总结
1.数字
许多听⼒材料中涉及数字,例如年代、⽇期、价格、数量等等,并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、⼩数、百分⽐等形式出现,这就要求⼤家辨别各种形式的数字,还要熟悉数字之间的关系。例如:减价:20%off,special offer,special price,25% discount,sale
原价:regular price,normal price
增长:10% increase in?1/3 climb in?
下降:23% fall in?5.5% decrease in?
提⽰1:如对电话号码、门牌号、航班号、车牌号等,⼤家可采取听写记录所需数字。
提⽰2:对判断类数字题需要在听到的两个或两个以上数字中判断符合题意的数字。
提⽰3:对推断类数字题则通常涉及到简单的数学四则运算,需稍加计算,才能得出正确答案。
2.地点
地点型试题主要考查地点,该项内容的考查多为以where开头的特殊疑问句,如:
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
(这段对话最可能发⽣在什么场合?)解这类试题时,我们需要有⼀些积累和推断。
提⽰1:熟悉、积累常⽤地名,如国家、⾸都、⼤城市、着名的标志性建筑以及⼭川河流的名称等
conversation意思提⽰2:熟悉、积累与各个地点场所有关的单词、短语、句型和场景。
3.推断
推断型试题不仅包括推断数字和地点,还常考查学⽣对⼈物⾝份、关系,⼈物态度、情感以及事件原因的推断。⼀般来说,此类题通常出现在短对话中。
提⽰1:平时熟悉、积累不同⼈物⾝份及⼈物关系所对应的单词、短语、句型和场景,测试时根据对话内容所提供的称呼语、关键词,结合⽣活常识进⾏判断。
提⽰2:熟悉、积累不同语⾳语调所表达的不同意思,以及特定单词、短语和句型所表达的隐含信息,
进⾏准确判断。
提⽰3:认真听清事件发⽣的全部过程及前因后果,去粗取精,去伪存真,才能出事件发⽣的真正原因
选择题
⼀.命题原则
突出语境,强化语意,强调运⽤
⼆.单项选择题命题特点
覆盖⾯⼴,重点突出
突出在语境中运⽤知识的考查
淡化语法结构,重视能⼒
三.英语单项选择解题技巧
(⼀)分析句⼦结构
1.This is the main use that the scientists make______ natural resources.
A. in
B. up of
C. from
D. of
有些试题的考本来⼗分简单, 但命题者却通过使⽤定语从句,或者将我们⼗分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开,重新组合,使我们在结构上产⽣错觉。that the scientists make…是定语从句,关系代词that是代表先⾏词use的,将其置⼊定语从句中,就得到that the scientists make use..显然是考查make use of 这⼀词组。正确答案是D。
(⼆)准关键词语
2.It is______ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much.
A. no
B. such
C. nearly
D. hardly
此题的关键词是any, 因为any常⽤于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,⽽此句不是疑问句,也不是条件句,所以应该是否定句。no本⾝就相当于not any,于是排除A。.因此,正确答案
D(hardly=almost not)。
(三)补全省略成分
3.---What do you think made Mary so upset?
--- ______her new bike.
A. Lost
B. As she lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
⼝语中会使⽤⼀些省略句,作题是若将被省略的成分补充完整,答案就会⼀⽬了然。此题将答句补全,就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。显然,只能选C,⽤动名词作主语。
(四)适当转换句式
4.---Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather ______ the important meeting?
---Tom.
A. have attend
B. have attended
C. having attend
D. have to attend
有时将题⼲的句式转换成⾃⼰更熟悉的句式,就很容易选出正确答案。如:将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句,将被动句改为主动句,将⽆序句调整为正常句。此题若将疑问句改为陈述句,
就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必须跟动词原形,have sb do sth.所以选A。
(五)注意标点符号
5.There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
A. doesn’t go
B. not to go
C. not going
D. don’t go
标点有时对我们作题有提⽰的作⽤。此题很容易选B,认为是不定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后⾯是Dr.Roger讲的原话,这原话应当是个句⼦,只有选D才构成⼀个否定的祈使句。
(六)删除⼲扰部分
6.We agree to accept______ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A. whichever
B. whoever
C. whatever
D. whomever
就是将起⼲扰作⽤的定语从句、介词短语或插⼊语,如I think/ suppose/believe,do you think/ suppose/believe, you know,of course等删除,从⽽更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插⼊语they thought ,可知宾语从句缺主语,⼜能与the best tourist guide 搭配的,只有答案B。(七)利⽤对称结构
7.---English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?
---Yes. ______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know
B. Knowing
C. To know
D. Known
就是在作题的过程中要善于利⽤and, but等并列连词。若前⾯是个句⼦,后⾯也是个句⼦,反之亦然;若连接的是⼏个动词,这⼏个动词也必定是同⼀时态或同⼀形式。此题第⼆个and后⾯是个句⼦,所以前⾯也必定是⼀个句⼦,但是前⾯这个句⼦没有主语,只能选⽤动词原形,构成⼀个祈使句,因此答案是A。
⼜如:On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buy
(⼋)检查有⽆谓语
8.He wrote five novels, two of ______translated into English.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
有时看似有两个句⼦,于是就选连词,正好掉进命题⼈设计的陷阱。事实上,有时貌似句⼦
的“句⼦”却没有谓语,其中的动词只是⼀个⾮谓语动词(多为分词)。此题很容易误选C,以为后⾯是⾮限制性定语从句。事实上, translated是过去分词,⽽不是谓语动词,后⾯不是句⼦,⽆须连词,所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were,were translated就是谓语,这时就选连词which。
(九)熟记固定搭配
9.Mr. Smith used to smoke ______ but he has given it up.
A. seriously
B. heavily
C. badly
D. hardly
在平时的学习中注意积累⼀些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配等。因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重,要⽤heavy或heavily ,因此答案是B。此外,⾬雪下得“⼤”、烟
雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等,也⽤heavy。
(⼗)消除思维定势
10.Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires______ the environment safer.
A. make
B. to making
C. to make
D. from making
有些试题的题⼲,看上去好象就是固定搭配,我们⾼兴地完成以后,结果却做错了。要从句⼦结构上或者句⼦意思上分析,以免步⼊命题者设计的陷阱。此题容易误选D,以为是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 这⼀固定搭配的。其实,“使环境更安全”是“他们为防⽕所做的⼯作”的⽬的,所以⽤动词不定式,选C。
(⼗⼀)查看有⽆连词
11.If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, ______means many more people in the world can enjoy it.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
若经查实,前后的确是两个句⼦,就要看其中⼀个分句是否已经⽤了连词。若已经⽤了连词,⼀般不选连词,若没有⽤连词,就⼀定要选连词。此题已有连词If,选D,若没有If,就选B,which引导⼀个⾮限制性定语从句。
(⼗⼆)正确把握语境
12. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
有时孤⽴地看留空格的那个句⼦,好象多个答案都可以,但与上下句的意思联系起来,就会发现问题。因此,做题时⼀定要把握语境。此题答案选A。B答案的意思是I don’t agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.这就与前⼀分句的意思发⽣⽭盾了。
(⼗三)识别相似句型
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