Quantity
(1)not enough information
A: 终于完成报告书。现在多少点了?
B:已经很晚了!
(2)too much information
A:终于把事情做完了。可以去吃饭了。现在多少点了?
B:北京时间20点30分48秒
Quality
(1)don't say sth you believe to be false
他跟木头没两样。
(2)Don’t say sth that for which you lack evidence
唯女子难养也。
Relation
Mom: What’re you going to the garden for?
Daughter: to water the flowers.
Mon: Don’t you see. It’s raining now.
Daughter:Mom. I’ve got an umbrella with me.
Manner
(1)Avoid obscurity of expression.
在一场派对上,A跟B两位有妇之夫在悄悄讨论场上的辣妹。
A指着一女问:你觉得12点方向的那个,怎么样?
conversation意思B:S
A跟B都笑了起来。
说明:A跟B为了不让别人发现他们背着老婆讨论别的女人。故意用“12点方向”跟“S”代替辣妹跟性感这两个词。可在他们的对话中,他们都懂彼此的意思。违反此原则起到掩饰的作用。
(2)Avoid ambiguity
A:她今天怎么样了?
B:脸不太好。
(3)be brief
A:I believe it is a very pleasant state, sir. I have had very little experience of it myself up to the present. I have only been married once. That was in consequence of a misunderstanding between myself and a young person.
B : I don’t know that I am much interested in your family life.
(4)be orderly
A:大哥,你抽烟吗?
B:我不喝水。
A:喝水吗?
B:我不抽烟。
Calculability
一学生在期中考试中,成绩不理想。老师为了不使他在家长面前太难过。于是,在他的期中报告书中写道:该生在校能尊敬师长,团结同学,上课认真。在学习上,潜力很大。只要在学习方法上下点功夫,肯定能取得较大的进步。
说明:从这段报告中可看出,从“潜力很大”可推导出,起点很低。暗含该学生目前学习成绩不太理想。
Cancellability
a)Tom has 4 books.
b)Tom has only 4 books
If we add sentence “ perhaps five or more” to (a) , that (b) is canceled.
Non-detachability
a)“God! My life is mundane”
b)“God! My life is boring”
c)“God! My life is dull”
Non-conventionality
A:今天你家的恶犬没有乱吠吗?
B:没有。还挺乖的。
“恶犬”是指B的恶妻。
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论