Java学习之SpringMVC中的@RequestBody
引⾔:
接上⼀篇⽂章讲述处理@RequestMapping的⽅法参数绑定之后,详细介绍下@RequestBody、@ResponseBody的具体⽤法和使⽤时机;
简介:
@RequestBody
作⽤:
i) 该注解⽤于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使⽤系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进⾏解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;
ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中⽅法的参数上。
使⽤时机:
A) GET、POST⽅式提时,根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
application/x-www-form-urlencoded,可选(即⾮必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使⽤@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
其他格式,必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使⽤@RequestBody来处理);
B) PUT⽅式提交时,根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
application/x-www-form-urlencoded,必须;
multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
其他格式,必须;
说明:request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;
@ResponseBody
作⽤:
该注解⽤于将Controller的⽅法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写⼊到Response对象的body数据区。
使⽤时机:
返回的数据不是html标签的页⾯,⽽是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使⽤;
HttpMessageConverter
该接⼝定义了四个⽅法,分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写⼊数据时的canWrite(), write()⽅法。
在使⽤ <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter (注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter 不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14 Configuring Spring MVC”章节),并为他配置了⼀下默认的HttpMessageConverter :01. <span >/** 02. * Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses. 03. * 04. * @author Arjen Poutsma 05. * @author Juergen Hoeller 06. * @since 3.0 07. */ 08. public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> { 09. 10. /** 11. * Indicates whether the given class can be read by
this converter. 12. * @param clazz the class to test for readability 13. * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified. 14. * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header. 15. * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise 16. */ 17. boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType); 18. 19. /** 20. * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter. 21. * @param clazz the class to test for writability 22. * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified. 23. * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header. 24. * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise 25. */ 26. boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType); 27. 28. /** 29. * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter. 30. * @return the list of supported media types 31. */ 32. List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes(); 33. 34. /** 35. * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it. 36. * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the 37. * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 38. * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from 39. * @return the converted object 40. * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 41. * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors 42. */ 43. T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) 44. throws IOExc
eption, HttpMessageNotReadableException; 45. 46. /** 47. * Write an given object to the given output message. 48. * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been 49. * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 50. * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the 51. * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have 52. * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have 53. * returned {@code true}. 54. * @param outputMessage the message to write to 55. * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 56. * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors 57. */ 58. void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) 59. throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException; 60. 61. } 62. </span>
17.
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取⼆进制格式的数据和写出⼆进制格式的数据;
StringHttpMessageConverter:负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出⼆进制格式的数据;
ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源⽂件和写出资源⽂件数据;
FormHttpMessageConverter:负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写⼊application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写⼊json格式的数据;
SouceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取和写⼊ xml 中ansform.Source定义的数据;
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写⼊xml 标签格式的数据;
AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写⼊Atom格式的数据;
RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写⼊RSS格式的数据;
当使⽤@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使⽤它们来进⾏读取或者写⼊相应格式的数据。HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:
@RequestBody注解时:根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐⼀匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;spring 3.1源代码如下:
@ResponseBody 注解时: 根据Request 对象header 部分的Accept 属性(逗号分隔),逐⼀按accept 中的类型,去遍历到能处理的HttpMessageConverter ;
源代码如下:补充:30. [java]
01. <span >private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue, 02. HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) 03. throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException { 04. List<MediaType> acceptedMediaTypes = Headers().getAccept(); 05. if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) { 06. acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL); 07. } 08. MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes); 09. Class<?> returnValueType = Class(); 10. List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>(); 11. if (getMessageConverters() != null ) { 12. for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) { 13. for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) { 14. if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) { 15. messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage); 16. if
springmvc常用标签(logger.isDebugEnabled()) { 17. MediaType contentType = Headers().getContentType(); 18. if (contentType == null ) { 19. contentType = acceptedMediaType; 20. } 21. logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + contentType + 22. "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]"); 23. } 24. this .responseArgumentUsed = true ; 25. return ; 26. } 27. } 28. } 29. for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) { 30. allSupportedMediaTypes.SupportedMediaTypes()); 31. } 32. } 33. throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes); 34. }</span>
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调⽤了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)⽅法,使⽤@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传⼊Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使⽤@RequestBody注解,⽽应该这样处理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、Writer().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。
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