附录翻译练笔材料及详解
一、英文短篇
1
A faint whinny, penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda①. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road loomed up darkly over the house②, only leaving a pale strip of sky. Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush.③From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.
Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand④. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist—the yellow robin’s plucked string⑤, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s car
t on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.
【参考译文】
一阵轻微的马嘶声闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡，把她惊醒了①。她睁开眼睛，天还没有大亮；大道旁陡坡上耸立着茂密的桉树，幽暗的树影笼罩着房屋②，只在树缝间显露出一道灰白的天空。到处都是一层湿湿的露水——木柴棚的顶上，树墩旁的手推车上，灌木丛边的蕨草上，到处都是。③从屋檐滴下来一颗颗水珠，使得罩在阳台上的铁纱模糊不清
了。
躺在温暖被褥里的小妞，睡眼惺忪地看着那个黑影，它长着老人胡须，年老的双肩躬着，伸出一只僵死的手；上床睡觉时，这个黑影总使她非常害怕④。这时，天渐渐放亮，看见的只不过是一棵树，和别的树没有什么两样。透过迷茫的晨雾，开始听到各种声响——黄知更鸟叫得像拨动的琴弦⑤；大路上一辆农夫的大车马蹄嗒嗒，丁零当啷作响；总是在晚上被牵进屋旁马圈里的那匹小马打着响鼻。
(摘自晓玲译万斯·帕尔默著《小马驹》，载《澳大利亚短篇小说选》) 【翻译要点】
①penetrate原意为“渗透；穿透”，在此处，可理解为“闯入”，符合语境。penetrating 引导的是原因状语，在按原文的句序翻译时，可将对her的修饰成分提前，先点出her 的身份，符合汉语的表达习惯。
②译文将原文的动宾成分独立为分句，进行了词性转换。如将原文的darkly联系上文，理解为“幽暗的树影”，符合句意，且与上文衔接连贯。
③本句为景描写，写的是清晨的露珠，亮点在于，译文在景物描写之后，増译了“到处都是”，有强调的作用，同时也显得流畅自然。
④本句为比喻句，描写幽暗的树影，比喻形象生动，且为中西文化共有的形象，所以在此应保留其比喻意象。此外，译文还对其顺序进行了调整，将对树影的描写部分提前，将由此引发的“害怕”置后，体现了连贯的因果关系。
⑤这一部分为描写声音的补充部分，并列成分较多，且意思完整，因此，可将每一个名词性的并列成分转译为分句。其中，划线的部分描写的是黄知更鸟的叫声，以plucked string 做比喻，形容知更鸟的悦耳叫声如拨动的琴弦，翻译时要注意分析，以免理解错误。
2
The early hours of the night were occupied with the ruminative pleasures of the cud, and there was a soothing companionship in the sound of so many jaws swinging in unison①; then silence would settle on the camp, disturbed only by the noise of a long and deep-blown sigh, or the scuffle of some member of the mob rising to settle down again on its other side.
In the dawn, while yet the ordinary objects of day were emerging from the shadows, they rose to stretch and to suckle the calves②; then, as the sun came up, revealing an earth refreshed by the hours of darkness, they moved out to feed.
Day succeeded day, and year followed year③. The steady stream of their life ran on④. The young ones grew up beside their mothers, and, passing from infancy to maturity, merged into the body of the herd. The old ones, their strength run out, lay down to die—a heap of whitening bones marking the scene of their passing, and telling of a life that had been lived.
【参考译文】
夜晚最初几个小时(一段时间)充满了反刍的快意。在许多张嘴巴以同一节奏嚼动的声音中，有种温存的
伙伴之情①。随后，露宿地便万籁俱寂。打破沉寂的，只有一声长叹或者牛中某一员站起来又换一侧躺下的挪动声。
黎明时分，白天看到的万物从暗影中显露时，它们就站了起来：有的舒展四肢，有的给小牛喂奶。②接着，伴着旭日东升，展现出被黑夜刷洗得焕然一新的大地，它们出去寻食了。
日复一日，年复一年③，它们传宗接代，生命的溪流奔淌着④：小牛在妈妈身边长大，从孩提时代进入成年，加入了牛的集体。老牛们精疲力竭，躺下等着一死——一堆嶙嶙白
骨标志着它们的过往之地，讲述着一种曾经存在过的生命。
(编者译自F. D. 戴维逊著Man-shy) 【翻译要点】
①本句在翻译时，句序进行了灵活调整，将状语部分提前。jaw本指“下巴；下颚”，形容牛反刍的部位，翻译时也可模糊处理为“嘴巴”。in unison表示“一致”，此处指反刍的动作一致。soothing指“抚慰的，使人宽心的”，此处译为“温存”，切合句意和语境。
②本句包含三个动作rose, stretch和suckle，但suckle和stretch之间并没有先后关系，而是并列关系，所以翻译时可以加入“有的”，使句意更明确。
③Day succeeded day, and year followed year.可译为“日复一日，年复一年”，既简洁准确，又有着生命周而复始的哲理，与下文联系紧密。
④原文为比喻句，将它们的life比作stream。译文则由steady和下文的句意引申，増译了“它们传宗接代”，既总结又揭示了下文的内容，与上下文衔接紧密。
3
Away on her right, the moon in her third quarter①came up from behind the black trees. Pale limbs gleamed silvery in the light. The bare earth was striped and patterned with long shadows②, and the stars were dimmed. The red heifer could hear the small creatures of the bush scuttling out of her way, or pausing to watch her pass. A kangaroo rat leaped with startled hiss from his nest in the tall grass. She heard the flip-flop of wallabies at play; and a couple of possums checked their quarrelling③to peer down at her passing swiftly on her journey.
The shadows shortened as the moon climbed, then passed underfoot, and
stretched out to the east as the moon floated steadily down the western sky. The green gates of dawn swung wide in the east; the stars fled and the moon dimmed.
④The light of the sun sprang to the tree-tops and day was at hand.
【参考译文】
在她的右方，大半个月亮①从远处黑黝黝的树林背后探出头来。灰白的枝杈沐浴在月中，泛着银光，狭长的树影给光秃秃的大地铺上条纹，印上图案②，天上星光黯淡。小红牝牛可以听到灌木丛中的小生物纷纷从她欲经的路上闪开，或是停下来目送她过去；一只袋鼠随着惊骇“嗖”的一声，从深深草丛中的巢穴里蹦出来，小红牝牛还听得见小袋鼠戏耍时的啪嗒啪嗒声；还有一对负鼠，暂时停下了争论③，看着她飞奔而过。
随着月亮升高，影子龟缩了；当月亮平滑地向西天漂游而下，影子便从脚下滑过，伸向东方；黎明的碧幕在东方拉开，星星隐遁，月朦胧④，晨曦耀上梢头——白日就要到了。
(编者译自F. D. 戴维逊著Man-Shy) 【翻译要点】
①此处有两个her，翻译时应注意区分。根据下文可知，第一个her指的是the red heifer，也就是小红牝牛。而第二个her指的则是the moon，所以the moon in her third quarter指的是3/4圆的月亮，也就是大半个月亮。
②strip做动词，可指“切成或分成条”。pattern作动词则指的是“形成图案”。在此处，这里指月光在地面上形成的条形或图案。而且，本句为被动句，译为主动句时，可联系上文，加上主语limb，也就是“树影”。
③check常用来指“检查，核对”。但在此语境中，应将它理解为“中止；抑制”。
④本句也涉及到比喻意象the green gate，译为“碧幕”简洁生动，虽与英文的gate稍有偏差，但这一形象更符合汉语的习惯用法。此外，本句在翻译时对词语的选择上，非常生
动，符合原文的诗性和文学性的特点，如“碧暮”“隐遁”“朦胧”。
4
For a little while he remained, looking about him, lost in that fascination which strange water has for him who comes upon it.①It was a little life centre, known only to the bush animals and the wild cattle. The marks of their coming and going were plain on the earth around him. Dingo, wallaby, native bear, kangaroo and ibis—Joe’s quick eye noted their tracks in the dust, and the prints of many small birds whose names were not within the scope of his knowledge②. Even as he stood there, quite still, two small brown ducks of the variety known to bushmen as divers, whistled out of the sky③and alighted on the water. They saw him, and two widening ripples marked where they had been. They did not come to the surface again within his vision, although he waited; but he knew that from somewhere among the reeds opposite they were watching him with bright and curious eyes. A movement in the timber a furlong distant④drew his attention. A mob of six emus stalked across the bush like figures in a stately frieze⑤.
英汉互译翻译【参考译文】
他停了一会儿，环视四周，忽然发现一片水，令人感到陌生，他不禁给迷住了。①这片水是个小小的生命中心，只有丛林动物和野林牛才知道这个中心。在他周围的地面上，这些动物来去的痕迹清晰可见。野狗、鼠尃、树袋熊、袋鼠和朱鹭——乔敏锐的双眼一下看到了它们留在尘土上的印迹，还有许多小鸟的爪印，可惜乔叫不出②这些小鸟的名字。就是在他十分安静地站着的时候，他发现两只棕鸭，
丛林人称之为潜水鸟，突然一声长鸣，从天而

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