文学翻译赏析
一、雄健阳刚类
艰难的国运与雄健的国民
李大钊
历史的道路，不会是坦平的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。
一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。有是流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其
险峻。民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。
人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。老于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走
到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。
中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这一段道路上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的景致，
使我们经过此段道路的人，感得一种壮美的趣味。但这种壮美
的趣味，是非有雄健的精神的人不能够感觉到的。
我们的扬子江，黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神。扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠，遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势。目前的艰难境界，
那能阻抑我们民族生命的曲调，在这悲壮歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知在艰难
的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事。
The Bad Luck of China and the Strong Will of the Chinese
Li Dazhao
The progress of history sometimes comes into a territory full of hardships and hindrances, and only by means of strong will can it run through the territory.
Sometimes in an extensive and open terrain with boundless plains, a huge and mighty river flows vigorously down thousands of miles. Sometimes it runs in an imposing and narrow terrain with range
s of high mountains, crags and cliffs. It zigzags its way down through them, which is drastically hazardous and precipitous. The progress of a nation undergoes the same experience.
The life of human race in history is just like a journey. The places the travelers have traversed are open and flat here, but craggy and risky there. Walking on a flat and level road, an experienced traveler certainly feels delighted. However, walking in a rugged and rough terrain, one can enjoy more wits and humor. Walking in such an area of wonderful and magnificent scenes, one can savor more tastes of adventure.
The road of history taken today by the Chinese nation is one full of twists and turns. But in this section of the road, there is an extremely fabulous and magnificent view which makes those of us who are going and have gone through it feel glorious and hallowed. It is a feel only those strongly-determined people are capable of enjoying.
The Yangtze River and Yellow River stand well for our national spirit. They run into deserts and mountains, and mightily they run. They develop into huge muddy streams and vigorously they
dash and roar down thousands of miles. The current crisis can never stop our nation from advancing forward. Strongly determined, we should sing a march and, accompanied by this touching and tragic
song.
白杨礼赞
矛盾
……
那就是白杨树，西北极普通的一种树，然而实在不是平凡的一种树。
那是力争上游的一种树，笔直的干，笔直的枝。它的干呢，通常是丈把高，像是加过人工似的，一丈以内，绝无旁枝；它所有的丫枝呢，一律向上，而且紧紧靠拢。也像
是加过人工似的，成为一束，绝无横斜逸出；它的宽大的叶子也是片片向上，几乎没有
斜生的，更不用说倒垂了；它的皮，光滑而有银的晕圈，役微泛出淡青。这是虽在
北方的风雪的压迫下却保持着倔虽挺立的一种树!哪怕只有碗来粗细罢，它却努力向上发
展，高到丈许，二丈，参天耸立，不折不挠，对抗着西北风。
这就是白杨树，西北极普通的一种树，然而决不是平凡的树! ……当你在积雪初融的高原上走过，看见平坦的大地上傲然挺立这么一株或一排白杨树，难道你觉得它只是
树?难道你就不想到它的朴质，严肃，坚强不屈，至少也象征了北方的农民；难道你竟
一点也不联想到，在敌后的广大土地上，到处有坚强不屈，就像这白杨树一样傲然挺立
的守卫他们家乡的哨兵，难道你又不更远一点想到这样枝枝叶叶靠紧团结，力求上进的
白杨树，宛然象征了今天在华北平原纵横激荡，用血写出新中国历史的那种精神和意志。
白杨不是平凡的树，它在西北极苦遍，不被人重视，就跟北方农民相似，它有极强的生命力，磨折不了，压迫不倒，也跟北方的农民相似。我赞美白杨树，就因为它不但
象征了北方的农民，尤其象征了今天我们民族解放斗争中所不可缺的朴质，坚强，以及
力求上进的精神。
Tribute to the White Poplar
By Mao Dun
……
They are white poplars. Though very common in Northwest China, they are no ordinary trees!
With straight trunks and branches, white poplars aim high. Their trunks are usually over ten feet tall and, as if wrought by human effort, utterly bare of branches below ten feet. Their twigs, also like things artificially shaped, all reach out towards the sky and grow close together in a cluster without any sideway growth. Their leaves are broad and point upwards with very few slanting sideways, much less upside down. Their glossy barks are a faint light green with hazy silver spots. They stand erect and unbending in face of North China’s violent wind and snow. Though they may be only as big as the mouth of a bowl, they strive to grow upwards until they reach the towering height of some twenty feet and stand indomitable against the northwest wind.
They are white poplars. Though very common in Northwest China, they are no ordinary trees! You may call them unattractive because they have neither the graceful carriage of a dancer, nor such branches as can twine and climb. But nevertheless they are big and tall, honest and upright, simple and plain, earnest and unyielding --- and not without gentleness and warmth though. They are giants among trees! When you trudge through the melting snow of the highland and see one or a row of
white poplars standing proudly on the vast plains, how could you look upon them as nothing but mere trees? How could you forget that with all their simplicity, earnestness and unyieldingness, they are symbolic of our peasants in the North? How could you fail to associate them with our dauntless soldiers guarding our homeland all over the vast rear? How could you fail to see that these trees, ever striving to put out their closely knit branches and leaves in an upward direction, are symbolic of the spirit and will of our men who, fighting heroically all over the northern plains, are writing the history of New China with their own blood?
White poplars are no ordinary trees. But these common trees in Northwest China are as much ignored as our peasants in the North. However, like our peasants in the North, they are bursting with vitality and capable of surviving any hardship or oppression. I pay tribute to them because they symbolize our peasants in the North and, in particular, the spirit of honesty, tenacity and forging ahead – a spirit central to our struggle for national liberation.
The reactionary diehards, who despise and snub the common people, can do whatever they like to eulogize the elite nan-mu (which is also tall, straight and good-looking ) and look down upon the common, fast-growing white poplar. I, for my part, will be loud in my praise of the latter!
二、婉约细腻类
学校
吴晴
我怎能忘记那美丽的校园呢？
那儿处处是碧绿的芳草，绿草中铺着洁白的、笔直的石路。路两旁种的那些树分明是一品红，然而原该为大红的排列为环状的叶，却变为柔媚的粉红，还有着淡绿
的边儿。我常在这条长长的石径上散步。走着走着，来到一座宽阔的台子上，站英汉互译翻译
在这里可以看到迷人的晚霞与夕阳，偶然也能看到冒着农烟呜呜南去的列车。转身往
回走，不远便会来到实验室和图书馆。这儿宽大的落地窗软帘垂地，窗外的木棉树上
开着耀眼的红花。再往前走便是查餐厅了，那儿有一株美丽的树，开着雪一样白的花
儿。那花儿开的轻柔而又婀娜，一朵朵地连成一片，从远处看去，美得象新嫁娘雪
白的头纱。后来我才知道这就是我在书上读到那么多次的曼陀罗。
The College
How can I ever forget the beautiful campus ?
The grounds were covered with dark green grass through which stretched a straight white stone path. On both sides of the path were planted what I believed to be poinsettias. Now the flowers were surrounded by pinkish leaves instead of bright red ones as they should have been. Trimmed with light green edges, the leaves looked delicate and charming. Along the long path I often took a stroll which would take me to a wide terrace, where I could watch the enchanting glow of sunset, and occasionally catch the sight of a train puffing and hooting on its way southward.
On my way back I would pass by the laboratory and library building whose large French windows had soft curtains let fall to the floor. Just outside the windows kapok flowers glowed red in full bloom. A short way off stood the dining hall, where I found a tree bearing snow-white blossoms so graceful and soft to the touch.
Viewed together from the distance, they were as beautiful as a bridal veil. Later, I learned that it was a tree called datura which I had so often read about in books.
故都的秋
郁达夫
秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，
也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。
江南，秋当然也是有的；但草木凋得慢，空气来得润，天的颜显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风；一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，浑浑沌沌地过
去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏
玩不到十足。秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开、半醉的状态，在领略秋的过
程上，是不合适的。
……
北国的槐树，也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细
极柔软的触觉。扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来
既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，古人所说的梧桐一叶而天
下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。
秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产；因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到。这秋蝉
的嘶叫，在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。
还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样。
Autumn in Peiping
By Yu Dafu
Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly, limpid, serene and melancholy. To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in the one time capital, I have, therefore, made light of traveling a long distance from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping.
There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the sky pallid, and it is more often rainy than windy. While muddling along all by myself among the urban dwellers of Suzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Hong Kong or Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air, without ever relishing to my heart's content the flavor, color, mood and style of the season. Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening or good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated in its entirety.
……
Locust trees in the North, as a decorative embellishment of nature, also associate us with autumn. On getting up early in the morning, you will find the ground strewn all over with flower- like pistils fallen from locust trees. Quiet and smelless, they feel tiny and soft underfoot. After a street cleaner has done the sweeping under the shade of the trees, you will discover countless lines left by his broom in the dust, which look so fine
and quiet that somehow a feeling of forlornness will begin to creep upon you. The same depth of implication is found in the ancient saying that a single fallen leaf from the wutong tree is more than enough to inform the world of autumn's presence.
The sporadic feeble chirping of cicadas is especially characteristic of autumn in the North. Due to the abundance of trees and the low altitude of dwellings in Peiping, cicadas are audible in every nook and cranny of the city. In the South, however, one cannot hear them unless in suburbs or hills. Because of their ubiquitous shrill noise, these insects in Peiping seem to be living off every household like crickets or mice.
As for autumn rains in the North, they also seem to differ from those in the South, being more appealing, more temperate.
海上
冰心
八月十七日的下午，约克逊号邮船无数的窗眼里，飞出五飘扬的纸带，远远的抛到岸上，任凭送别的人牵住的时候，我的心是如何的飞扬而凄恻。
痴绝的无数的送别者，在最远的江岸，仅仅牵着这终于断绝的纸条儿，放这庞然大物，载着最重的离愁，飘然西去!
船上生活，是如何的清新而活泼。除了三餐外，只是随意游戏散步，海上的头三日，我竟完全回到小
孩子的境地中去了，套圈子，抛沙袋，乐此不疲，过后又绝然不玩了。
后来自己回想很奇怪，无他，害唤起了我童年的回忆，海波声中，童心和游伴都跳跃到
我脑中来。我十分恨这次舟中没有几个小孩子，使我童心来复的三天中，有无猜畅好的
游戏!
我自少住在海滨，却没有看见过海平如镜．这次出了吴凇口，一天的航程，一望无际尽是粼粼的微波。凉风习习，舟如在冰上行。到过了高丽界，海水竟似湖光。蓝极绿
极，凝成一片。斜阳的金光，长蛇般白天边直接到阑旁人立处。上自苍穹，下至船前的
水，自浅红至于深翠，构成几十，一层层，一片片的漾开了来。……小朋友，恨我不
能画，文字竟是世界上最无用的东西，写不出这空灵的妙景！
On the Sea
On the afternoon of August 17th, multicolor paper streamers flew out of the many scuttles of the ocean liner Yorkson and landed on the retreating shore, nonchalantly leaving those who came to see
their relatives or friends off to catch hold of their ends. At the moment, how full I felt of both delight and sorrow!
Those sentimental individuals, standing in large numbers on the increasingly distant shore, could only hold on to the paper streamers until they would eventually break, reluctantly letting the iron mammoth sail westward, loaded down as it was with the heavy grief of parting!
Daily life on the ship was refreshing and active. Outside of the three meals, all my time was spent playing games and taking walks on the decks as I pleased. For the first three days, I seemed to have totally reverted to my childhood. I tossed rings and small beanbags, never tiring of playing these games. Then three days later, I cut all connection with such pastimes. As I recalled it all later, I felt very strange though there was nothing more to it than this: The sea had unmoored my childhood

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