2015年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译
词语翻译
英译汉
1． the 100, 000 Strong Initiative
正确答案：十万强计划，十万人留学中国计划 
2． UN-Habitat
正确答案：联合国人类住区规划署，简称人居署 (United Nations Human Settlements Programme) 
3． Occupy Central
正确答案：占领中环(占中) 
4． Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership(TTIP)
正确答案：跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定 
5． chemical oxygen demand(COD)
正确答案：化学需氧量 
6． coal equivalent
正确答案：煤当量 
7． a lame duck
正确答案：跛脚鸭(无用之人) 
8． CCPIT
正确答案：中国国际贸易促进委员会(China Council for the Promotion of International Trade) 
9． Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program(GMS)
正确答案：大湄公河次区域经济合作 
英汉互译翻译10． The House of Commons
正确答案：(英国、加拿大)下议院 
11． Speaker of the House(U. S. Congress)
正确答案：美国众议院议长 
12． devolution of power
正确答案：权力下放 
13． UK Trade and Investment(UKTI)
正确答案：英国贸易投资总署 
14． PM 2. 5
正确答案：细颗粒物 
15． public private partnership(PPP)
正确答案：公私合营；公私合作 
汉译英
16． 海上丝绸之路
正确答案：the Maritime Silk Route 
17． 新常态
正确答案：New Normal 
18． 自闭症
正确答案：autism 
19． 国际电信联盟
正确答案：International Telecommunication Union 
20． 可再生能源发电装机容量
正确答案：installed renewable power generation capacity 
21． 森林蓄积量
正确答案：forest stock 
22． 气候变化南南合作基金
正确答案：South-South Climate Cooperation Fund 
23． 技术转让
正确答案：technology transfer 
24． “言必信、行必果”
正确答案：Always be true in word and resolute in deed. 
25． 亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议
正确答案：the 22nd Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)Economic Leaders’ Meeting 
26． “南海行为准则”
正确答案：The Code of Conduct in the South China Sea 
27． 雾霾
正确答案：smog 
28． “高大上”
正确答案：high-end 
29． 《泰晤士报》
正确答案：The Times 
30． 《尚书》
正确答案：The Book of Documents 
英汉互译
英译汉
31． We usually classify literature—imaginative literature(excluding nonfiction prose)—into the following genres or classes:(1)prose fiction;(2)poetry, and(3)drama. These three genres have many common characteristics. All are art forms, each with its own requirements of structure and style. In varying degrees, all the genres are dramatic and imaginative; they have at least some degree of action, or are based in part on dramatic situations.Imaginative literature differs from textbooks, historical and biographical works, and news articles, all of which describe or interpret facts. While literature is related to the truths of human life, it may be based on situations that have never occurred, and which may never occur. This is not to say that imaginative literature is not truthful, but rather that
its truth is to life and human nature, not necessarily to the detailed world of reportorial, scientific, and historical facts in which we all live.Although the three main genres have much in common, they also differ in many ways. Prose fiction, or narrative fiction, is in prose form and includes novels, short stories, myths, parables, romances, and epics. These works generally focus on one or a few major characters who undergo some kind of change as they meet other characters or deal with problems or difficulties in their lives. Poetry, in contrast to prose fiction, is much more economical in the use of words, and it relies heavily on imagery, figurative language, rhythm and sound. Drama(or plays)is the form of literature designed to be performed by actors. Like fiction, drama may focus on a single character or a small number of characters, and it presents fictional events as if they were happening in the present, to be witnessed by a group of people composing an audience. Some dramas employ much of the imagery, rhythm, and sound of poetry.
正确答案：    我们通常将文学——虚构文学(不包括纪实类散文)——分为以下几种体裁或类别：(1)散文体小说；(2)诗歌；(3)戏剧。这三种文体间存在许多共同点。它们都属于艺术形式，在结构和风格上有各自的要求。它们都展现出了不同程度的戏剧性和想象力；具备
一定的情节，或在某种程度上取材于戏剧性情景。    虚构文学不同于记述或解读事实的教科书、历史和传记作品以及新闻报道类文章。虽然文学作品与人类生活息息相关，但它可能基于从未发生，甚至永远不会发生的场景。这并不是说虚构文学不真实，而是说其真实性针对的是生活和人性，而非生活中纪实、科学和历史方面巨细无遗的事实。    这三种主要文体存在很多共同之处，但也不乏区别。散文体小说，或叙事类虚构小说，属于散文形式，可细分为小说、短篇小说、神话、寓言、传奇及史诗。这些作品一般重点讲述一个或几个主要角，在遇到其他角、处理生活难题或困境时会发生某种改变。与散文小说相反，诗歌用词更为简练，且严重依赖意象、比喻性的语言、韵律以及音感。戏剧是专为演员表演而存在的一种文学形式。跟小说一样，戏剧将重点放在一个或几个角上，讲述虚构事件，仿佛它们就发生在当下，得到构成观众的一人见证。还有一些戏剧会大量运用诗歌中的意象、韵律及音感。 
32． It must be stressed that a characteristic aspect of the present time is that science is exercising a decisive influence on technology, creating new problems for it, guiding its development and conditioning its progress. As a result, science is tending to become a direct force of industry. Scientific theories penetrate technological processes.In its turn, th
e development of science is strongly influenced by the astounding progress of modern technology, which places at its disposal previously undreamed of means; apparatus of high precision and of tremendous power, such as particle accelerators, nuclear reactors, electronic computers, etc. The improvement of industrial technology makes possible the realization of high intensity phenomena such as pressure, temperature, very high tension or nearly ideal conditions of vacuum, often indispensable to accurate experimental results.Science does not, generally, affect industry directly but does so through the intermediary of technology which places at industry’s disposal new improved and powerful machines that increase the productivity of labor. It improves technological processes, introduces new forms of energy, creates new materials not provided by nature, introduces new and varied means of transport, communication and telecommunication control and tele-control. All these means amazingly increase the productivity of labor by substituting human force for those of nature.The raising of the technical level of industry, therefore, constitutes a major imperative of our time presented to science, which finds itself in the vanguard of social progress.
正确答案：    我们必须强调这一点，当今时代的一个典型特点是：科学正在对技术产生决定性的影响，为它创造新的问题，指导它的发展，并决定它的进程。因此，科学正逐渐成为工业中的一种直接决定力量，科学理论贯穿整个工艺流程。    反之，科学发展受到现代技术迅猛发展的强烈影响。现代技术为科学研究提供了过去甚至无法想象的手段：精度高且动力大的装置，如粒子加速器、核反应堆和电子计算器等。工业技术的进步让高强度条件，如压力、温度、极高电压或近乎理想的真空条件，成为可能，而这些条件是取得精准实验结果所不可或缺的。    一般而言，科学并不直接影响工业，而是通过技术这个中间媒介施加作用，技术为工业提供动力更大的改良机器，提高生产效率。它还改进工艺流程，引入新型能源，创造出自然界本不存在的新材料，引进多样的交通、沟通、通信控制和远程控制新方式。通过用人力代替自然力，这些方式极大地提高了生产效率。    因此，工业技术水平的提升是我们这个时代科学进步的必要因素，而科学则是社会进步的领航者。 
汉译英
33．    提起新加坡，许多中国人会联想到高效政府、良好秩序、美食、旅游胜地——这些正面的标签已被不少游记、随笔、考察报告贴在了这个接近赤道的岛国身上。7月中旬的一
天，我从夏日炎炎的北京飞抵樟宜机场，来到心仪已久的岛国，开始了新加坡之旅。    作为一个国家，新加坡很小，小到你只需几天就能游遍她所有的景点。但作为一个多种族并存、高度开放的社会，新加坡很大，大到能够容纳各种文化在这里并行繁衍。几天的走马观花下来，即使用最挑剔的眼光，我对新加坡的基本评价也还是一个简单的字：好。用一句话说就是：这个年轻的国家，实实在在地取得了物质文明和精神文明建设的双丰收。
正确答案：To many people in China, Singapore is associated with efficient government, good order, tasty foods, and tourist’s attractions—attributes given to the equatorial island-state by numerous travels, essays, and inspection tour reports. One hot day in mid-July, the airplane from Beijing having touched down at Changi Airport, I started my tour of Singapore, a land I had longed to visit.Singapore is so small a country that you can exhaust all her scenic spots within a few days, and yet it is such an open and expansive society that races live in harmony and cultures flourish side by side. A few days’ cursory sightseeing left me—even with the most critical eye—only one simple word to describe the country: Good. Or, to borrow a set phrase from China, this young country has verily attained a high degree of civilization in both material and spiritual senses. 

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