Introduced FPGA
Programmable logic devices is a universal logic chip can be configured for various purposes, which is to achieve ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) semi-customized device, its emergence and development make electronic systems designers can use CAD tools to design their own ASIC device in the laboratory. Especially the emergence and development of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), as a microprocessor, memory, the figures for electronic system design and set a new industry standard (You can purchase the standard product catalog in the sales market). Digital systems are facing to the developing of microprocessor, memory, FPGA those three standard building blocks constituting or their integration direction.
Using FPGA devices design digital circuit, can not only simplify the design process and can reduce the size and cost of the entire system, increasing system reliability. They do not need to spend the traditional sense a lot of time and effort required to create integrated circuits, to avoid the investment risk and become the fastest-growing industries of electronic
devices group. The main advantage of using FPGA devices circuit design of digital systems is as follows:
(1) Design flexible
Using FPGA devices may not be limited to standard series device at logic functional . And logic can be modified at any stage of the system design and the use of the process, and only re-programming the using FPGA device can be completed, provides the system design for great flexibility.
(2)  Increased functional density
Functional density means the number of logic functions can be integrated in given space. The count of components gate in programmable logic chip is high, a piece of FPGA can replace several films, dozens of films or even hundreds of small-scale digital integrated circuit chip. FPGA devices use fewer chips when achieves digital system, thus reducing the number of chips, reducing printed circuit board area and the number of printed circuit boards, eventually causing an overall reduction in system size.
(3)  Improve reliability
Reducing the number of chips and the printed board, not only can reduce system size, but it greatly enhanced system reliability. System with a high degree of integration have much higher reliability than the same system with a low degree of integration designed by many standard components. Using FPGA device reduces the number of chips required to achieve the system, the number of leads and pads on the printed circuit board is also reduced, so the reliability of the system can be improved.
(4)  Shortening the design cycle
  Because of programmability and flexibility of FPGA devices, and use it to design a system, the time required is much shorter than the traditional method. FPGA devices have high integration, the printed circuit board layout simply when using. Meanwhile, after the success of the prototype design, due to the advanced development tools, high degree of automation, its logic is very simple and quick to modify. Therefore, using FPGA devices can greatly shorten the design cycle and accelerate speed to market, improve product codesign翻译
mpetitiveness.
(5)  Work fast
FPGA/CPLD devices work fast, generally can reach several hundred Hertz, far faster than the DSP device. And circuit series required to achieve the system is less after using FPGA devices, thus the working speed of the entire system will be improved.
(6) Increased system security performance
    Many FPGA devices have encryption capabilities, using FPGA devices widely in system can effectively prevent the product from being illegally imitation of others.
(7)  Reduce costs
Using FPGA devices to achieve digital system design, if only consider the price of the device itself, sometimes do not see its advantage, but the factors that affect the cost of the system is multifaceted. comprehensive consideration, cost advantages of using FPGA
is obvious. First, using FPGA devices is easy to modify design, shorten the design cycle, allowing the system to reduce the cost of research and development; secondly, FPGA devices enable to reduce the printed circuit board area and the number of plug-ins required, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the system; once again, the use of FPGA devices enables the system to improve reliability, reduce maintenance workload, thereby reducing the cost of servicing the system. In short, the system design using FPGA devices cost savings.
FPGA design principles :
One important guiding principle of FPGA design: the balance and interchangeable of size and speed, this principle is reflected with a large number of validation in filter design behind.
Here, "area" means the number of FPGA / CPLD logic resources consumed by design , the FPGA can be measured by the consuming of flip-flop (FF) and a lookup table (LUT) , a more general approach can measure by the number of equivalent logic gates which occ
upied by design. "Speed" refers to the highest frequency can be achieved with stable operation on the chip, this frequency is determined by the design of the timing condition, and closely related to the clock cycle, PAD to PAD Time, Clock Setup Time, Clock Hold Time, Clock-to-Output Delay timing and many timing feature quantity. Area and speed are always imbued with FPGA design ,are the ultimate standard of design quality evaluation. Two basic concepts of area and speed: the balance of the area and the speed , the area and the speed of exchange.

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