C语⾔字符串操作常⽤库函数
C语⾔字符串操作常⽤库函数
***********************************************************************************
函数名: strrchr
功能: 在串中查指定字符的最后⼀个出现
⽤法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
举例:
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char fullname="./lib/lib1.so";
char *ptr;
ptr = strrchr(fullname,'/');
printf("filename is %s",++ptr);
//运⾏结果:filename is lib1.so
***********************************************************************************
函数名: strchr
功能: 在串中查指定字符的第⼀个出现
⽤法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
举例:
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char fullname="./lib/lib1.so";
char *ptr;
ptr = strrchr(fullname,'.');
printf("after strchr() is %s",++ptr);
//运⾏结果:after strchr() is /lib/lib1.so
***********************************************************************************
函数名: strtok
功能: 在串中查指定字符的第⼀个出现
⽤法: char *strtok(char *s, char *delim);
说明:
1.strtok函数的实质上的处理是,strtok在s中查包含在delim中的字符并⽤NULL(’\0′)来替换,直到遍整个字符串。这句话有两层含义:(1)每次调⽤strtok函数只能获得⼀个分割单位。(2)要获得所有的分割单元必须反复调⽤strtok函数。
2.strtok函数以后的调⽤时的需⽤NULL来替换s.
3.形参s(要分割的字符串)对应的变量应⽤char s[]=”….”形式,⽽不能⽤char *s=”….”形式。
举例:
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void main()
{
char buf[]=”Golden Global View”;
char* token = strtok( buf, ” “);
while( token != NULL )
{
printf( ”%s “, token );
token = strtok( NULL, ” “);
}
return 0;
}
/*其结果为:
Golden
Global
View
*/
***********************************************************************************
函数名:strncpy
功能:把src所指由NULL结束的字符串的前n个字节复制到dest所指的数组中
⽤法:char *strncpy(char *dest, char *src, int n);
说明:
如果src的前n个字节不含NULL字符,则结果不会以NULL字符结束。
如果src的长度⼩于n个字节,则以NULL填充dest直到复制完n个字节。
src和dest所指内存区域不可以重叠且dest必须有⾜够的空间来容纳src的字符串。
返回指向dest的指针。
举例:
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#include <syslib.h>
#include <string.h>
main()
{
char buf[4];
char *s="abcdefg";
strncpy(buf,s,4);
printf("%s\n",buf);
return 0;
}
/*运⾏结果:
abcd
*/
***********************************************************************************
函数名: stpcpy
功能: 拷贝⼀个字符串到另⼀个
⽤法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
stpcpy(string, str1);
c语言char的用法
printf("%s\n", string);
return 0;
}
/*运⾏结果
abcdefghi
*/
***********************************************************************************
函数名: strcat
功能: 字符串拼接函数
⽤法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
举例:
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#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char destination[25];
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";
strcpy(destination, Borland);
strcat(destination, blank);
strcat(destination, c);
printf("%s\n", destination);
return 0;
}
/*运⾏结果:
Borland C++
*/
***********************************************************************************函数名: strcmp
功能: 串⽐较
⽤法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0
举例:
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#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
else if(ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is equal with buffer 1\n");
return 0;
}
/*运⾏结果:
buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1
*/
***********************************************************************************函数名: strncmpi
功能: 将⼀个串中的⼀部分与另⼀个串⽐较, 不管⼤⼩写
⽤法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
举例:
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#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strcspn
功能: 在串中查第⼀个给定字符集内容的段
⽤法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2 = "747DC8";
int length;
length = strcspn(string1, string2);
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strdup
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
⽤法: char *strdup(char *str);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";
dup_str = strdup(string);
printf("%s\n", dup_str);
free(dup_str);
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: stricmp
功能: 以⼤⼩写不敏感⽅式⽐较两个串
⽤法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
举例:
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#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strerror
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
⽤法: char *strerror(int errnum);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buffer;
buffer = strerror(errno);
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strncmp
功能: 串⽐较
⽤法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
举例:
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#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
int ptr;
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");
return(0);
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strncmpi
功能: 把串中的⼀部分与另⼀串中的⼀部分⽐较, 不管⼤⼩写
⽤法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, int len);
举例:
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#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
int ptr;
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strnset
功能: 将⼀个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
⽤法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char letter = 'x';
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
strnset(string, letter, 13);
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string);
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strpbrk
功能: 在串中查给定字符集中的字符
⽤法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char *string2 = "onm";
char *ptr;
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);
if (ptr)
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
else
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n");
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strrev
功能: 串倒转
⽤法: char *strrev(char *str);
举例:
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#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *forward = "string";
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
strrev(forward);
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
return 0;
}
/*运⾏结果:
Before strrev(): string
After strrev(): gnirts
*/
***********************************************************************************函数名: strstr
功能: 在串中查指定字符串的第⼀次出现
⽤法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strtod
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
⽤法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
char input[80], *endptr;
double value;
printf("Enter a floating point number:");
gets(input);
value = strtod(input, &endptr);
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strtol
功能: 将串转换为长整数
⽤法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
举例:
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#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
long lnumber;
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber);
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************函数名: strupr
功能: 将串中的⼩写字母转换为⼤写字母
⽤法: char *strupr(char *str);
举例:
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;
/* converts string to upper case characters */
ptr = strupr(string);
printf("%s\n", ptr);
return 0;
}
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