普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
上海 英语试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the presence of animals
A professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the 1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens’ home in England 21      (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients’ mental state more
than the cruel therapies 22_______ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proofs 23        contact with animals to increase a sick person’s chance of survival and have shown 24      (lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.
Scientists think that animals’ companionship is beneficial 25      animals are accepting and attentive, and they don’t criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.
Not only do people seem 26        (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27      heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28      (result) in a favorable environment for everyone.
Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29      company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30      in playing with animals and the presence of animals conforms them greatly.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. suspected     B. fortunately     C. invasions D. inevitable E. accustomed F. unreliable
G. features         H. acknowledged I. inclusion    J. transferred K. instantly
The iPhone X, Apple’s new smart phone, is equipped with facial recognition. 31    , its scanner can unlock the system. It requires no buttons to be pressed, being always ready to read your face. Android users can expect similar 32      as well.
For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email, send a text or make a call, it will be quick, easy and pretty “cool” to use. However, as we grow 33    to the technology, we cannot become numb to the problems that come with it.
Facial recognition is already used everywhere. In China, police use the technology to identify people who jaywalk (乱穿马路). In the United State, more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can be used for criminal investigation. Governments, however, are not the only users of facial recognition. Retailers (零售商) use the technology in their stores to identify 34      shoplifters. One social media app in Russia allows strangers to find out who you are just by taking a photo of you.
However, different users of facial recognition produce different levels of accuracy. Camera distance, lighting, facial pose all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New York Police Department, for example, have 35      at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system. If the iPhone’s new system is similarly 36      , no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information. 37    , it probably won’t be. But for many of the systems elsewhere, mistakes and 38    of privacy might be unavoidable.
As the smart phone of choice for many users, the iPhone’s 39      of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere. However, even as we choose to explore the convenience facial recognition might offer, we should also be suspicious of the many ways it can be used. Facial recognition may well be 40      . Its risks need not be!
III. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Famous people often say thatnearby the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love.” But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love,   41  a huge amount of dull work. Anyone who want to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice,   42  feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again and again. Some pe
ople seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be   43  or boring. Why?

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