Section Ⅲ　Word power & Grammar and usage
1．(教材P6)The word industry refers to all the businesses involved in supplying a certain product or service.
单词industry是指涉及供应某一产品或服务的所有行业。
(1)refer to参考；参阅；涉及；谈到；提及
In his speech，he didn't refer to the problem at all.
在他的演讲中，丝毫未涉及那个问题。
If you have any questions，please refer to the guide book.
如果你有问题，请参阅旅游指南。
(1)refer to sb./sth.  提到/说起某人/某事
refer to sth.  参考某物；查看/查阅某物
as...  把……说成；把……比作
refer sb./ sb.  提交某人/某机构做决定/处理
(2)reference n.  参考
make a reference to  提到，谈到
Coal is usually referred to as a fossil fuel.
煤通常被称为化石燃料。
I have read a lot of reference materials.
我已读了很多的参考资料。
[名师点津]
refer to中的to是介词，后面不接动词原形，要跟动名词或名词，与之用法相同短语还有stick to，lead to，look forward to, be devoted to等。
写出下列refer to的含义
①What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to？       
②When giving the lecture, he referred to his note from time to time.       
③You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision.       
④As far as I know, he is referred to as a living Lei Feng.       
【答案】　①指的是　②参考　③移交　④称作
(2)involve vt.牵涉；牵连；包含；引起
This problem involves us all.
这个问题牵涉到我们所有的人。
Taking the job involves living abroad.
接受这项工作就一定得住到国外去。
involve sb.in sth./doing sth.(使)参加，加入
in  使牵连进去；使陷入
with  和……混在一起；和……有密切联系
be/become/get involved in  参与，与……有关
The young man's heedless remarks involved him in a law suit.这个小伙子不检点的话语使自己牵连到一桩法律案件中。
Don't involve yourself with those people.
别跟那些人混在一起。
完成句子
⑤我们应该怎样投入学校生活？
How should we               school life?
⑥你怎能跟这样的女人在一起？
How could you               a woman like this?
【答案】　⑤involve ourselves in　⑥get involved
with
2．belong to属于；为……所有
(教材P6)All kinds of jobs belong to one industry or another.
所有的工作都属于一个行业或另一个行业。
This watch belongs to Tom.
这块手表归汤姆所有。
(1)belong to表示“是……的财产(属于)/是……的组成部分(属于)/是……的成员(属于)”。不用于被动语态和进行时态。
(2)belong还可与on连用，表示“某人/某物处在适当的位置”，与in连用表示“在这个地方正合适/有用”。
Who does this watch belong to?
这块手表是谁的？
Put it back where it belongs after you have read it.
读完后，请你把它放回原处。
完成句子
①他说矿山应该属于人民。
He said the mines should             the people.
②像他这样有能力的人适合教书。
A man of his ability            teaching.
③这本书应该放在那个架子上。
The book            that shelf.
【答案】　①belong to　②belongs in
③belongs on
3．include v．包括；把……列入在内
(教材P6)People who work in the construction industry include those who work on building sites and those who produce building materials.
在建筑行业工作的人们包括那些在建筑工地工作的人和那些生产建筑材料的人。
The money I gave you includes Xiao Zhang's.
我给你的钱包括小张的钱。
Does the price include postage?
这个价格包含邮费吗？
[明辨异同]　contain/include
两者均含有“包含，包括，容纳”的意思。
contain
指某物容纳在比其更大的东西之内，侧重所含的内容与成分。
include
指包括或容纳某东西成为整体的一部分，侧重于整体与部分的对比。
[名师点津]
include还常用其现在分词或过去分词短语作插入语，起补充说明作用，即“including＋名词”或“名词＋included”。而contain无此用法。
The basket contains a variety of fruits.
那个篮子里装了各种各样的水果。
All officials were present at the meeting，including the chairman(＝the chairman included)．
包括那个主席在内，所有的官员都出席了会议。
选词填空(include/contain)
①The book         ten chapters，        American Literature.
②This kind of fruit         lots of vitamins，Vitamin D         ．
【答案】　①contains; including　②contains；
included
4．(教材P6)Another big industry，and one that is growing  annually, is the tourism industry.
另外一个大的行业，而且是每年都在增长的一个行业是旅游业。
【要点提炼】　one是代词，相当于an industry。that is growing annually是定语从句修饰one。oneinclude和contain常在句中起替代作用，以免重复。
The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.
这班火车太挤了，我们决定乘坐下一班。
[明辨异同]　that/one/it
that
表示特指，指代前面提到过的那类事物(不指代人)。既可以替代可数名词(复数形式为those)，也可以替代不可数名词，其作用有时等于the one。
one
表示泛指，代替前面提到过的同类人或物，但不是同一个；它只能替代可数名词，复数形式是ones。
it
表示特指，指代前面提到过的那个事物(是同一个)或一种情景，用于指可数名词单数或不可数名词。
—What should I do with the key?
——我该怎么处理这钥匙？
—Oh，just leave it on the table.
——噢，把它放在桌上就好了。
用代词one，it，that填空
①—Why don't we take a little break?
—Didn't we just have        ？
②Few pleasures can equal         of a cool drink on a summer day.
③The doctor advised Vera strongly that he should take a holiday，but         didn't help.
【答案】　①one　②that　③it
5．把……扩展成……；发展成为……
(教材P7)He is glad to see that the company has developed into one of the most successful in the world.他高兴地看到这个公司已发展成为世界上最成功的公司之一。
The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing community into a thriving tourist resort.这地方由原来的小渔村迅速发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地。

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