Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left
编 稿：赵吉存 审 稿：白雪雁 责 编：夏芳莲
目标认知
重点词汇：
1. gotten get的过去分词 2. oversleep 睡过头、睡得过久
3. rush 冲、奔 4. lock 锁、锁上
5. relative 亲属、亲戚 6. fool 愚弄、欺骗
7. empty 空的、排空 8. embarrassed 尴尬的、为难的
9. describe 描述、描绘 10. announce 宣布、宣告
11. exhausted 精疲力竭的 12. hoax 、玩笑
13. flee 逃跑、逃走 14. farmer 农民
15. girlfriend 女朋友 16. marry 嫁、娶
17. ending 结局、结尾 18. convincing 令人信服的、有说服力的
重点词组及句型：
编 稿：赵吉存 审 稿：白雪雁 责 编：夏芳莲
目标认知
重点词汇：
1. gotten get的过去分词 2. oversleep 睡过头、睡得过久
3. rush 冲、奔 4. lock 锁、锁上
5. relative 亲属、亲戚 6. fool 愚弄、欺骗
7. empty 空的、排空 8. embarrassed 尴尬的、为难的
9. describe 描述、描绘 10. announce 宣布、宣告
11. exhausted 精疲力竭的 12. hoax 、玩笑
13. flee 逃跑、逃走 14. farmer 农民
15. girlfriend 女朋友 16. marry 嫁、娶
17. ending 结局、结尾 18. convincing 令人信服的、有说服力的
重点词组及句型：
1. by the time 到......时候 2. go off 发出响声
3. run off 跑掉、迅速离开 4. on time 按时
5. break down 损坏、出故障 6. show up 出席
7. set off 激起、引起 8. sell out 卖完、售光
9. get married 结婚 10. stay up 熬夜
11. give somebody a ride 让某人搭便车 12. flee from 从......逃走
13. a piece of 一片、一块
1. What happened?
怎么啦？
2. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.
当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里。
3. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
在我起床的时候，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
4. I took a quick shower, had some breakfast and then ran off to the bus stop.
我很快洗了个澡，吃了点早饭，然后跑着去车站。
3. run off 跑掉、迅速离开 4. on time 按时
5. break down 损坏、出故障 6. show up 出席
7. set off 激起、引起 8. sell out 卖完、售光
9. get married 结婚 10. stay up 熬夜
11. give somebody a ride 让某人搭便车 12. flee from 从......逃走
13. a piece of 一片、一块
1. What happened?
怎么啦？
2. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.
当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里。
3. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
在我起床的时候，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
4. I took a quick shower, had some breakfast and then ran off to the bus stop.
我很快洗了个澡，吃了点早饭，然后跑着去车站。
5. I have never been late for school , but yesterday I came very close.
我上学从没有迟到过，但是昨天我几乎迟到了。
6. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride.
幸亏我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸从我身边经过，他们让我搭便车。
7. Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
你曾经忘记带作业去学校吗？
8. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to watch some videos，we stayed up really late.
上星期五晚上我的朋友邀请我看录像，我们熬夜到很晚。
9. Wells was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off
across the whole country.
威尔斯的话语极具说服力，以致成百上千的人相信了这一报道，全国上下一片恐慌。
10. By the time the authorities revealed that the story was a hoax, thousands of people
had fled from their homes.
等权威机构揭穿了这场恶作剧时，成千上万的人已逃离了家园。
我上学从没有迟到过，但是昨天我几乎迟到了。
6. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride.
幸亏我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸从我身边经过，他们让我搭便车。
7. Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
你曾经忘记带作业去学校吗？
8. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to watch some videos，we stayed up really late.
上星期五晚上我的朋友邀请我看录像，我们熬夜到很晚。
9. Wells was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off
across the whole country.
威尔斯的话语极具说服力，以致成百上千的人相信了这一报道，全国上下一片恐慌。
10. By the time the authorities revealed that the story was a hoax, thousands of people
had fled from their homes.
等权威机构揭穿了这场恶作剧时，成千上万的人已逃离了家园。
11．Many people ran to their local supermarket to buy as much spaghetti as they could.
许多人跑到当地的超市尽可能多的抢购面条。
12．The TV star lost both his girlfriend and his show.
这位影星既失去了他的女朋友，又失去了他的演出。
日常用语：
1. －Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
你曾经忘记带作业去学校吗？
－Yes, I have. 是的，忘记过。
2. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to watch some videos.
上星期五晚上我的朋友邀请我看录像。
精讲巧练
1. What happened? 怎么啦？
(1.)句子中的happen是不及物动词，它的意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。
许多人跑到当地的超市尽可能多的抢购面条。
12．The TV star lost both his girlfriend and his show.
这位影星既失去了他的女朋友，又失去了他的演出。
日常用语：
1. －Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
你曾经忘记带作业去学校吗？
－Yes, I have. 是的，忘记过。
2. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to watch some videos.
上星期五晚上我的朋友邀请我看录像。
精讲巧练
1. What happened? 怎么啦？
(1.)句子中的happen是不及物动词，它的意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。
它们共同特点是：都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。
例如：What happened to you on the road yesterday?
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
(2.) happen构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody表示某事情发生在某人的身上。happen to do something＝to do something by accident表示偶然做某事的意思。
例如：An accident happened to him after he drinking too much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet your mother yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
随时练
【考例】Do you know what ________ to him recently?
例如：What happened to you on the road yesterday?
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
(2.) happen构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody表示某事情发生在某人的身上。happen to do something＝to do something by accident表示偶然做某事的意思。
例如：An accident happened to him after he drinking too much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet your mother yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
随时练
【考例】Do you know what ________ to him recently?
A. is happening B. is happened C. has happened D. happened
【答案与解析】答案是C。从句子的时间状语recently可以知道是现在完成时，happen没有被动语态，所以选择C。
2. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.
当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里。
（1.）when引导的时间状语从句表示“当......时候”，后面句子I realized是主句，I had left my
backpack at home是宾语从句，并且从句的动作在主句的动作之前发生，所以用过去完成时。
（2.）realize是动词，它的后面用名词、代词或者宾语从句。它表示“认识到、意识到”的意思。
例如：I realize my mistakes now. 现在我认识到我的错误了。
（3.）动词短语leave something at/in ＋表示地点的名词，它的意思是把某物忘在某地。
例如：I left my key at home. 我把钥匙忘在家里了。
【答案与解析】答案是C。从句子的时间状语recently可以知道是现在完成时，happen没有被动语态，所以选择C。
2. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.
当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里。
（1.）when引导的时间状语从句表示“当......时候”，后面句子I realized是主句，I had left my
backpack at home是宾语从句，并且从句的动作在主句的动作之前发生，所以用过去完成时。
（2.）realize是动词，它的后面用名词、代词或者宾语从句。它表示“认识到、意识到”的意思。
例如：I realize my mistakes now. 现在我认识到我的错误了。
（3.）动词短语leave something at/in ＋表示地点的名词，它的意思是把某物忘在某地。
例如：I left my key at home. 我把钥匙忘在家里了。
随时练
【考例】When I got there, I realized that I ______ my glasses at home.
A. forgot B. had forgot C. left D. had left
【答案与解析】答案是D。宾语从句的动作在主句的动作之前发生，主句是一般过去时，所以从句用过去完成时，表示把某物忘在某地用leave something at home。
3. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
在我起床的时候，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
（1.）by the time的意思是“到......时间为止”，强调时间的截止。By the time＋过去的时间，主 句用过去完成时。
例如：By the time I got there, the bus had already left.
到我到那里的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。
（2.）by the end of+last month/year/week，主句也用过去完成时。
例如：By the end of last month we had learned 20 English songs.
到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。
【考例】When I got there, I realized that I ______ my glasses at home.
A. forgot B. had forgot C. left D. had left
【答案与解析】答案是D。宾语从句的动作在主句的动作之前发生，主句是一般过去时，所以从句用过去完成时，表示把某物忘在某地用leave something at home。
3. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
在我起床的时候，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
（1.）by the time的意思是“到......时间为止”，强调时间的截止。By the time＋过去的时间，主 句用过去完成时。
例如：By the time I got there, the bus had already left.
到我到那里的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。
（2.）by the end of+last month/year/week，主句也用过去完成时。
例如：By the end of last month we had learned 20 English songs.
到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。
随时练
【考例】By the time I got home, my mother ________ dinner for me.
A. cooked B. had cooked C. was cooking D. is cooking
【答案与解析】答案是B。介词短语by the time＋过去的时间，主句用过去完成时。
4. I took a quick shower, had some breakfast and then ran off to the bus stop.
我很快洗了个澡，吃了点早饭，然后跑着去车站。
（1.）动词短语take a shower的意思是“洗澡”，通常指洗淋浴。洗澡的另一种说法是have a bath。
用have/take +a＋名词构成的短语有：take a bus，have a look。
（2.）动词短语run off的意思是“跑掉、迅速离开”。
例如：The boy broke my window and ran off just now.
这个小男孩刚才打坏了我的窗户，跑掉了。
5. I have never been late for school , but yesterday I came very close.
【考例】By the time I got home, my mother ________ dinner for me.
A. cooked B. had cooked C. was cooking D. is cooking
【答案与解析】答案是B。介词短语by the time＋过去的时间，主句用过去完成时。
4. I took a quick shower, had some breakfast and then ran off to the bus stop.
我很快洗了个澡，吃了点早饭，然后跑着去车站。
（1.）动词短语take a shower的意思是“洗澡”，通常指洗淋浴。洗澡的另一种说法是have a bath。
用have/take +a＋名词构成的短语有：take a bus，have a look。
（2.）动词短语run off的意思是“跑掉、迅速离开”。
例如：The boy broke my window and ran off just now.
这个小男孩刚才打坏了我的窗户，跑掉了。
5. I have never been late for school , but yesterday I came very close.
我上学从没有迟到过，但是昨天我几乎迟到了。
（1.）句子中的never是表示否定意义的副词，它的意思是“从来没有、从未”和few，little，hardly等构成否定句。be late for的意思是“做什么事情迟到”。
例如：Are you often late for class? 你经常上课迟到吗？
（2.）close是副词，它的意思是“接近”。在本句是表示“接近迟到，离迟到很近”的意思。
例如：You are close friends, so you should help each other.
你们是亲密的朋友，所以应该相互帮助。
随时练
【考例】You should keep the door ______ when you are not at home.
A. close B. closed C. close to D. are closed
【答案与解析】答案是B。在动词keep的后面用形容词作宾语the door的补足语，close是动词，它的形容词是closed。
6. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride.
（1.）句子中的never是表示否定意义的副词，它的意思是“从来没有、从未”和few，little，hardly等构成否定句。be late for的意思是“做什么事情迟到”。
例如：Are you often late for class? 你经常上课迟到吗？
（2.）close是副词，它的意思是“接近”。在本句是表示“接近迟到，离迟到很近”的意思。
例如：You are close friends, so you should help each other.
你们是亲密的朋友，所以应该相互帮助。
随时练
【考例】You should keep the door ______ when you are not at home.
A. close B. closed C. close to D. are closed
【答案与解析】答案是B。在动词keep的后面用形容词作宾语the door的补足语，close是动词，它的形容词是closed。
6. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride.
幸亏我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸从我身边经过，他们让我搭便车。
（1.）动词短语come by是“从......旁边经过”的意思。
例如：I saw your mother crying in the hospital when I came by it.
当我经过医院的时候，看见你妈妈在那里哭。
（2.）动词短语give somebody a ride的意思是“让某人搭便车”。
例如：He gave a ride in his car to the Great Wall.
昨天他让我搭便车去长城。
随时练
【考例】Can you tell my mother the good news when you ____ my home？
A. come to B. come on C. come out D. come by
【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子是考查动词短语的用法，从句子的意思“你能在经过我家的时候把这个好消息告诉我妈妈吗？”可以断定是用动词短语come by表示“路过、经过”的意思。
7. Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
（1.）动词短语come by是“从......旁边经过”的意思。
例如：I saw your mother crying in the hospital when I came by it.
当我经过医院的时候，看见你妈妈在那里哭。
（2.）动词短语give somebody a ride的意思是“让某人搭便车”。
例如：He gave a ride in his car to the Great Wall.
昨天他让我搭便车去长城。
随时练
【考例】Can you tell my mother the good news when you ____ my home？
A. come to B. come on C. come out D. come by
【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子是考查动词短语的用法，从句子的意思“你能在经过我家的时候把这个好消息告诉我妈妈吗？”可以断定是用动词短语come by表示“路过、经过”的意思。
7. Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
你曾经忘记带作业去学校吗？
（1.）ever的意思是“曾经”，经常用在现在完成时的句子中。另外表示现在完成时的时间状语有：
never，just，already，yet，before，so far，since ＋过去时间，for＋一段时间等。
（2.）动词forget的意思是“忘记”，一般用forget to do something或者forget doing something, forget to do something意思是“忘记去做某事”，表明此事还没有做；而forget doing something 意思是“忘记做过某事”，表明此事已经做过了，但是又忘了。leave是表示把某物遗留在某地的意思。
随时练
【考例】My brother _____ just ______ doing his homework.
A. finished B. has finished C. finishes D. is finishing
【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子中just的意思是“刚刚”，是现在完成时的时间状语，所以谓语动词用现在完成时has finished。
8. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to watch some videos，we stayed up real
（1.）ever的意思是“曾经”，经常用在现在完成时的句子中。另外表示现在完成时的时间状语有：
never，just，already，yet，before，so far，since ＋过去时间，for＋一段时间等。
（2.）动词forget的意思是“忘记”，一般用forget to do something或者forget doing something, forget to do something意思是“忘记去做某事”，表明此事还没有做；而forget doing something 意思是“忘记做过某事”，表明此事已经做过了，但是又忘了。leave是表示把某物遗留在某地的意思。
随时练
【考例】My brother _____ just ______ doing his homework.
A. finished B. has finished C. finishes D. is finishing
【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子中just的意思是“刚刚”，是现在完成时的时间状语，所以谓语动词用现在完成时has finished。
8. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to watch some videos，we stayed up real
ly late.
上星期五晚上我的朋友邀请我看录像，我们熬夜到很晚。
动词invite是“邀请”的意思，它可以构成动词短语invite somebody to some place表示“邀请某人去某地”，invite somebody to do something表示“邀请某人做某事”的意思。
例如：Our teacher invites us to his home.
我们的老师邀请我们去他的家。
My brother invites me to join their group.
我的弟弟邀请我加入他们的小组。
随时练
【考例】My parents _____ their friends ______ dinner at our home.
A. invite; to have B. ask; have C. invite; have D. invites; having
【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查动词短语invite somebody to do something的用法，表示“邀请某人做某事”，后面用动词不定式。
9. Wells was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic s
上星期五晚上我的朋友邀请我看录像，我们熬夜到很晚。
动词invite是“邀请”的意思，它可以构成动词短语invite somebody to some place表示“邀请某人去某地”，invite somebody to do something表示“邀请某人做某事”的意思。
例如：Our teacher invites us to his home.
我们的老师邀请我们去他的家。
My brother invites me to join their group.
我的弟弟邀请我加入他们的小组。
随时练
【考例】My parents _____ their friends ______ dinner at our home.
A. invite; to have B. ask; have C. invite; have D. invites; having
【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查动词短语invite somebody to do something的用法，表示“邀请某人做某事”，后面用动词不定式。
9. Wells was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic s
et off across the whole country.
威尔斯的话语极具说服力，以致成百上千的人相信了这一报道，全国上下一片恐慌。
（1.）句子中的so...that的意思是“如此......以至于......”，中间用形容词或者副词，that的后面是表示结果的状语从句。而hat的中间用名词。
例如：Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.
我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
It is such an interesting film that all of us like it.
它是一部如此有兴趣的电影以至于我们都喜欢它。
（2.）so that中间不用单词，它的意思是“以便于、为了”，它引导表示目的的状语从句。
例如：We got up early this morning so that we can catch the first bus.
我们今天早上起床很早是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。
随时练
【考例】They went there by plane _____ they could show up the exhibition.
A. so --- that B. so that C. in order to D. such that
【答案与解析】答案是B。从句子的意思可以理解是用so that表示“目的”。
威尔斯的话语极具说服力，以致成百上千的人相信了这一报道，全国上下一片恐慌。
（1.）句子中的so...that的意思是“如此......以至于......”，中间用形容词或者副词，that的后面是表示结果的状语从句。而hat的中间用名词。
例如：Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.
我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
It is such an interesting film that all of us like it.
它是一部如此有兴趣的电影以至于我们都喜欢它。
（2.）so that中间不用单词，它的意思是“以便于、为了”，它引导表示目的的状语从句。
例如：We got up early this morning so that we can catch the first bus.
我们今天早上起床很早是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。
随时练
【考例】They went there by plane _____ they could show up the exhibition.
A. so --- that B. so that C. in order to D. such that
【答案与解析】答案是B。从句子的意思可以理解是用so that表示“目的”。
10.By the time the authorities revealed that the story was a hoax, thousands of people had fled from their homes.
等权威机构揭穿了这场恶作剧时，成千上万的人已逃离了家园。
（1.）动词短语flee from的意思是“从......逃走”。和它是同义词短语有：fly from，escape from，run away from等。
例如：The thief fled from the police.
小偷从警察局逃走了。
（2.）thousands of是表示成千上万的意思，它表示不确切数量，用hundreds thousands millions等
和of连用。如果表示具体和确切的数量用数词＋hundred/thousand/million等。
随时练
【考例】Two ______ sheep had already fled away from the farm when the farmer got there.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of
【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子有two表示具体数量的数词，所以后面用hundred和two表示具体的二百的意思。
11.Many people ran to their local supermarket to buy as much spaghetti as they could.
许多人跑到当地的超市尽可能多的抢购面条。
句子中的as...as的意思是“和......样”，通常用来表示比较是结果是一样的。或者比较的倍数、程度。前面的as是副词，后面的as是连词。它的否定形式是：as或者as。
例如：Your shirt is as white as snow.
你的衬衫和雪一样白。
She doesn’t sing so well as her mother.
她不如她的妈妈唱得好。
随时练
【考例】Look! Your bag is as _____ as mine.
11.Many people ran to their local supermarket to buy as much spaghetti as they could.
许多人跑到当地的超市尽可能多的抢购面条。
句子中的as...as的意思是“和......样”，通常用来表示比较是结果是一样的。或者比较的倍数、程度。前面的as是副词，后面的as是连词。它的否定形式是：as或者as。
例如：Your shirt is as white as snow.
你的衬衫和雪一样白。
She doesn’t sing so well as her mother.
她不如她的妈妈唱得好。
随时练
【考例】Look! Your bag is as _____ as mine.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
【答案与解析】答案是A。在表示形容词的同级比较的时候，用as...as来表示，但在中间用形容词或者副词的原形。
12．The TV star lost both his girlfriend and his show.
这位影星既失去了他的女朋友，又失去了他的演出。
（1.）句子中的and相当于一个连词，它的意思是“不但......而且”，它可以连接两个名词、
形容词或者介词短语，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：Both my father and mother are doctors.
我的父亲和母亲都是医生。
（2.）and的否定短语是：，它的意思是“既不......也不......”。它连接 两个主语的时候，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
例如：Neither he nor I am a teacher.他不是老师，我也不是老师。
随时练
【答案与解析】答案是A。在表示形容词的同级比较的时候，用as...as来表示，但在中间用形容词或者副词的原形。
12．The TV star lost both his girlfriend and his show.
这位影星既失去了他的女朋友，又失去了他的演出。
（1.）句子中的and相当于一个连词，它的意思是“不但......而且”，它可以连接两个名词、
形容词或者介词短语，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：Both my father and mother are doctors.
我的父亲和母亲都是医生。
（2.）and的否定短语是：，它的意思是“既不......也不......”。它连接 两个主语的时候，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
例如：Neither he nor I am a teacher.他不是老师，我也不是老师。
随时练
【考例】Both your sister and I ______ an English book.
A. has B. have C. hadn’t get out of D. haven’t
【答案与解析】答案是B。and如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式。它的否定句应该是用，而不是在后面加not。
A. has B. have C. hadn’t get out of D. haven’t
【答案与解析】答案是B。and如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式。它的否定句应该是用，而不是在后面加not。
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