一．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态。在see， watch， hear， notice, listen to, look at,feel， make，，have，let等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to,但改成被动语态后都带to, 
We often hear him play the guitar。
    →He is often heard to play the guitar. 
    His mother makes him clean the room every day.
      →He is made to clean the room every day。
I heard him talk about that matter.
He was heard to talk about that matter by me。
二．带双宾语的动词
1。 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
  My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 
    I was given a present on my birthday。 
    如果把直接宾语(指物）改为主语,则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
  A present was given to me yesterday。
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如:
bring, give， lend, offer， pass, promise， sell, show, teach， tell 等。
    The cup with mixture was showed to the class。 
    My bike was lent to her。 
        一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词 for, 如:
    buy, cook, choose，  fetch， get, ,make， order， sing ,draw等。
    Mother made me a new skirt.  (A new skirt was made for me。  )
    The meat was cooked for us。 
2。 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有
laugh at， operate on, look after， make fun of, make use of  take care of，， carry out,, give up, hand in， point out， put away, put off, turn down， work out，  talk about等。
      His request was turned down. 
  The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
  A  child is taken good care of
3。 带复合宾语（宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面.如：
a,动词+宾语+adj  We always keep the classroom clean。 
                              →The classroom is always kept clean。 
b.动词+宾语+ to do    She told us to follow her instructions。 
                            →We were told to follow her instructions. 
C,动词+宾语+doing    I found him lying on the floor
                                      →he was found lying on thefloor
三．某些动词用主动表被动。
1.  The    picture      looks      beautiful    。
这里的 look是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如：feel，look, seem， taste， sound, remain， turn out ，smell等。
  误：It is felt very soft. 
  The food tastes delicious。 
  误：The food is tasted delicious。 
  The pop music sounds beautiful。 
  误：The pop music is sounded beautiful
2。有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read， clean， sell, dry, wash， cook， wear 等.如：
  The cloth washes easily。  这布很好洗。
  Some silks wash well
  The new product sells well。  这新产品很畅销。
  The pen writes smoothly。  这支笔写字很流畅。
The poem reads fluently./   
对比：
  The books sell well。 （主动句）
  The books were sold out。 （被动句)
  The meat didn’t cook well。 (主动句）
  The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. （被动句)
四．下列情况主动句不能改为被动句
第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place , come about , break out， belong to， add up to, come into being, come true, turn out 等。
  The fire broke out in the capital building。 
  误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
  Great changes have taken place in China。
  误：Great changes have been taken place in China.
第二,不及物动词没有被动语态,如：rise, happen， succeed, remain, lie
  When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen。 
  误：The sun had already been risen。 
  After the earthquake, few houses remained。 
  误:After the earthquake, few houses were remained。
（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示
  据说……    It is said /thought that … 
            据报导……    It is reported that …
          据推测……    It is supposed that …
          希望……    It is hoped that …
        众所周知……    It is well known that …
        普遍认为……    It is generally considered that …
        有人建议……    It is suggested that …
  1） It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 
  2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp。
seem  3） It is said that Mr。Green has arrived in Beijing。

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