高中英语时态-现在完成进行时讲解及提升练习
构成形式
I / we / you / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
基本句型
肯定式 第一人称 have been doing sth.
疑问式 Have 第一人称 been doing sth.
简略回答 Yes， 第一人称 have. No， 第一人称 haven't.
肯定式 第三人称 has been doing sth.
疑问式 Has 第三人称been doing sth.
简略回答 Yes， 第三人称has. No， 第三人称hasn't.
1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack has been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
标志:1.句中常有延续性动词[1]  ，2.时间点前有since。
用法
现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous)
seem主语+have/has+been+动词-ing(延续性动词)
（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2019年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English three years ago.三年以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。（动作还将继续下去）
（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。（动作还将继续下去）
They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。（动作已经完成）
（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。
* I have
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，think想等等。
（六）一些现在完成时的句子也与现在完成进行时的句子含义相同
延续性动词在现在完成时与现在完成进行时时态中使用，句意相同。例如：
She has slept for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.她已经睡了6个小时，到现在还没有醒来。
(七）表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性
It has been raining for 3 days。已经下了3天的雨了（现在还没停止）
对比
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有包装，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
注意
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。
现在完成时态可表示做完的事情以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以。
在当代英语中，现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如：
Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词+其他
一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
提升练习
一、单项选择
1．When the famous pianist turns thirty, he ______ the piano for more than twenty years.
A．plays    B．will play    C．has been playing    D．will have been playing
2．—Will you take over at the next service area? I want a short rest.
—Sure. You ______ for over four hours by then.
A．have driven    B．have been driving
C．will be driving    D．will have been driving
3．Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.
A．try    B．have been trying
C．are trying    D．will try
4．(2014·东北三省三校一联)Traffic conditions in Beijing________for decades.At first people only complained about jams during rush hours，but today every hour is rush hour.

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