高20级英语测试
英语
(清华附中高20级2022.12.05)
第一部分：知识运用（共两节；30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
Famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love”. But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love, ____1___ a huge amount of dull work. Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice, ____2___ feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be ____3___ or boring. Why?
The difference may ____4___ the ability to enter into state of “flow,” the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the ____5___ of flow in the 1970’s, it has been a mainstay of positive-psychology research. Flow states can happen in the course
of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at a(n) ____6___ skill level.
Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most ____7___ entered into flow states had an “autotelic (自成目的的) personality” — a disposition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. With their capacity for “disinterested interest”, such people have a great ____8___ over others in developing their innate abilities.
Fortunately for those of us who aren’t necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be ____9___ by environmental factors. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimal ____10___, and a task set at a moderate level of difficulty, we may be able to love what we’re doing.
1. A. inquires    B. requires    C. acquires    D. gains
2. A. preventable    B. maintainable    C. sustainable    D. critical
3. A. frustrating    B. encouraging    C. concerning    D. instructing
4. A. move away    B. turn on    C. pick up    D. call for
5. A. concept    B. receipt    C. reception    D. condition
6. A. alternative    B. appropriate    C. approximate    D. sufficient
7. A. fully    B. really    C. readily    D. accidentally
8. A. addiction    B. advance    C. advantage    D. admiration
9. A. forbidden    B. operated    C. fastened    D. facilitated
10. A. temptation    B. charm    C. attractions    D. distractions
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
When asked 11 super power they would most like to have, many people respond that they would like to be able to become invisible. Surprising as it may sound, this power is already well within our grasp. A test shows that when a person is focusing their attention 12 one thing, other things happening around them do not make an impression; those other things, are, for all intents and purposes, invisible. The next time you feel like becoming invisible, just make sure to provide a complex 13 (distract) and carry on your business unseen.
B
My name is Luke Harris and I am a sports photographer. My first day at work wasn’t easy. I had to cover a local football team and I’d heard that there wasn’t much shelter at the ground and the wind was strong. The problem was more the rain, though, 14 was heavy and affected all my shots. So far I 15 (get) used to working in many conditions, even snow. You can always get a good photo if you try. There are so many similar photos out there and imagination is what 16 (require) to make yours stand out.
C
The Burmese snub-nosed monkey (仰鼻猴) is a 17 （critical）threatened species of colobine monke
y. The young animals’ coloring differs markedly from that of the adults. The species first gained the attention of scientists 18 (research) the hoolock gibbon (白眉长臂猿) in Burma in early 2010. It wasn’t until 2012 that a camera was set up 19 (capture) the first images of the new species. The 20 (know) population of the snub-nosed monkey in Burma is about 260-330 individuals. They are currently threatened by the destruction of their forest habitats from logging (伐木作业) and development in the area.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节；共38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
A
Join #ReadWithMC: Marie Claire’s Virtual Women’s Monthly Book Club Exchanging the ideas of reading can be exciting. But between busy schedules and the problems life throws at us, it’s not so easy to make it to a book club regularly. That’s why we’ve come up with a way for you to get some much-needed reading done on your own time and meet some new friends along the way—straight from your couch.
What is #ReadWithMC?
#ReadWithMC is an online monthly book club created by the Marie Claire editors. We’ll pick a book, you’ll read it. Then, we’ll curate a collection of honest, authentic reviews and recommendations from you and other #ReadWithMC participants and publish them on the site.
How do I participate?
Buy the book, then start reading with us on the 1st (or before, if you want to get a little head start). Submit your reviews on Twitter or Instagram by the 28th with the hashtag(话题标签) #ReadWithMC to potentially have your review featured on the site.
You can submit your review via your Twitter or Instagram account, but it must be a public one rather than a private one for us to see the hashtag and have it considered for the site. Or you can simply leave your review on one of our #ReadWithMC Instagram posts. Your reviews may be condensed and edited for clarity, and will be chosen based on content and volume. If you submit a
review with the hashtag #ReadWithMC, you agree to be considered for inclusion in a collection of reviews on the site. Only reviews submitted by the 28th of each month will be considered.
What type of books will we read in the future?
We will be reading relatively new books, i.e. books published within the past few months—most will be novels, but some may be memoirs or essay collections. No matter what, we guarantee they’ll make you laugh, smile, cry or all of the above.
When will the next book be announced?
Starting January 1, we’ll be reading The Night She Disappeared by Lisa Jewell. February’s book will be announced on January 25, so you’ll have enough time to purchase the book before the reading begins on the 1st.
21. Marie Claire’s virtual women’s book club was set up to ___________.
A. encourage online reading
B. facilitate book sharing
C. promote certain books
D. solve readers’ problems
22. A reader can participate in this club by ___________.
A. posting a #ReadWithMC review via her private Twitter account
B. leaving a review on Marie Claire’s #ReadWithMC Twitter posts
C. submitting a #ReadWithMC review via her public Instagram account
D. adding a comment below her friend’s #ReadWithMC Instagram posts
23. Which book is most likely to be chosen by this club?
A. Pride and Prejudice (May 1813)
B. 100 Great American Poems (October 2021)
C.Crying in the Bathroom: A Memoir (July 2022)
D. A Practical Introduction to Gardening (March 2020)
B
submitting
Four years ago, life rewarded me for all the challenges I embraced in search of self-improvement. M
y spirits rose when I was selected to be in the Youth Exchange and Study (YES) programme and I realized that I was going to spend a full year in the United States. Before that moment, living on the other side of the Atlantic had always equated—for a young Moroccan woman who had never set foot abroad—to an anxiety-free atmosphere, welcoming neighbors, and countless opportunities. Fortunately, my host community checked all these boxes.
My host mother went above and beyond to take care of my needs, my teachers were very accommodating with regards to my schoolwork, and I could use my status as an exchange student as an excuse when I needed a favor or an exception. As a YES student, peers from so many diverse backgrounds at school were interested in getting to know me better. With all this unique treatment, I thought to myself, “Hold on a second! Is this what you came for?” Even though my host community was so helpful and welcoming, I realized that I was growing too content with my life. I remembered that I came to the United States for a challenge and that I was determined to strengthen my capacities.
To develop greater perseverance, I joined my host school’s swim team, even though I had no prior experience in this sport. For over five months, I walked myself—sometimes reluctantly—to swim practices. During those practices, I did the best I could for three hours each day.
One of my best achievements that year was competing in one of the biggest swim meets of the year. From an outsider’s perspective, it might not seem like much, especially since I didn’t even win. However, I was never the athletic type, nor have I ever been particularly outstanding in terms of discipline and commitment. Yet that was exactly what I achieved. I gained discipline and I came to
the realization that I do not need to be perfect at everything that I try for the first time.
Growth can take many forms. In my case, it took the form of a humid ceiling and an overly tight polyester cap. Growth can only be achieved by defying personal limits and breaking free from comfort zones. This is not always a glamorous process, but it always brings you closer to a new and improved version of yourself!
24. How did the author feel about her life in her host family?
A. She felt somehow uneasy to be taken good care of.
B. She felt free and could do whatever she liked.
C. She felt good about her high family status.
D. She felt stressed like living in a box.
25. What made the author join the school’s swim team?
A. Her experience in swimming.
B. Her desire to challenge herself.
C. Her spirit of perseverance.
D. Her interest in water sports.
26. The author thought that her achievement in swimming ________.
A. made her outstanding
B. made her see her limits
C. was not a big deal
D. was her courage to compete
27. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. Change is a brilliant opportunity to grow.
B. Self-assurance is two-thirds of success.
C. From failure to success is a long road.
D. We learn things by doing them.
C
Surgical students are less capable than their forebears because they spend too much time with screens and not enough with physical materials. These claims from Roger Kneebone, professor of surgical education at Imperial College London, were widely reported last week.
According to Kneebone, today’s students lack the dexterity that is important for sewing, cutting, and stitching. He argues that this is because, instead of taking part in creative subjects that involve manual work during their school education, “a lot of things are reduced to swiping on a two-dimensional flat screen”.
There hasn’t been much research into the effects of smartphones on hand skills. However, one 2012
study found no statistically significant change in digital dexterity among frequent smartphone users, and it did find a significant improvement in reaction time.
If anything, says Pete Etchells, a psychologist at Bath Spa University, UK, the use of digital technology—rather than smartphones specifically—seems to be linked with a higher level of surgical skill. One 2007 study, for example, found that young surgeons who played a lot of video games made fewer errors in surgery and worked faster than those who didn’t. A randomized, controlled trial in 2012 found that surgery simulators were less effective at training surgeons than just letting them play on games consoles. These were small studies that only found modest effects, warns Etchells, but they don’t paint a picture of digital technology damaging the core skills of surgery.
More broadly, says Andrew Przybylski of the Oxford Internet Institute, UK, Kneebone’s concerns, and the resulting coverage are part of a wider reaction to the role of technology in our lives. Around a decade ago, we hoped that digital experiences could lead to improvements in various kinds of real-world competence, such as brain-training games enhancing cognitive performance or video games boosting surgical dexterity. “As those hopes haven’t materialized, we, rightly, feel
disillusioned,” says Przybylski.
There is also a society-wide fear about new technologies, which is often unfounded. Przybylski’s own work has found that, contrary to widespread concern around technology and young people, screen time seems to have a small, positive effect on teenagers in all but the most extreme of cases. “Collective anxiety about the role of smartphones, and social media companies, feed into this sort of technophobia,” he says.
Ultimately, Kneebone may turn out to be right that the decline in crafts and handiwork at school is reducing the quality of the surgical student intake. But there seems little evidence of it yet. In fact, it is probably a positive thing that our youngest surgeons are digitally literate. In the very near future, a surgeon’s ability to interact with technology—be that surgical robots or augmented reality—will become increasingly important.
28. What does the underlined word “dexterity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Skills related to hand work.
B. Experience of performing surgery.
C. Ability of concentration.
D. Capacity to use knowledge.
29. As for a surgeon’s interaction with technology, the author is _________.
A. worried
B. supportive
C. surprised
D. uncertain
30. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Surgeons will be less skillful when exposed much to digital screens.
B. People are confident that video games will boost cognitive performance.
C. Young surgeons can communicate with surgical robots in the near future.
D. Many people usually fail to see the positive effects of digital technology.
D
Google placed an engineer on paid leave recently after dismissing his claim that its artificial intelligence is sentient(有感知力的), surfacing yet another debate about the company's most advanced technology.
Blake Lemoine, a senior software engineer in Google’s Responsible A.I. organization, said in an interview that he was put on leave Monday. The company’s human resources department said he had violated Google's confidentiality policy. The day before his suspension, Mr. Lemoine said, he handed over documents to a U.S. senator’s office, claiming they provided evidence that Google and its technology engaged in religious discrimination. Google said that its systems imitated conversational exchanges and could riff(即兴重复)on different topics, but did not have conscio usness. “Our team—including ethicists and technologists—has reviewed Blake’s concerns per our A.I. Principles and have informed him that the evidence does not support his claims,” Brian Gabriel, a Google spokesman, said in a statement. “Some in the broader A.I. community are considering the long-term possibility of sentient or general A.I., but it doesn’t make sense to do so by anthropomorphizing(人格化)today’s conversational models, which are not sentient.” The Washington Post first reported Mr. Lemoine’s sus pension.
For months, Mr. Lemoine had argued with Google managers, executives and human resources over his surprising claim that the company’s Language Model for Dialogue Applications, or LaMDA, had consciousness and a soul. Google says hundreds of its researchers and engineers have conversed with LaMDA, an internal tool, and reached a different conclusion than Mr. Lemoine did. Most A.I. experts believe the industry is a very long way from computing sentience.
Mr. Lemoine, a military veteran who has described himself as a priest, an ex-convict (服刑囚犯) and an A.I. researcher, told Google executives as senior as Kent Walker, the president of global affairs, that he believed LaMDA was a child of 7 or 8 years old. He wanted the company to seek the computer program’s agreement before running experiments on it. His claims were founded on hi s religious beliefs, which he said the company’s human resources department discriminated against.

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