电路规律（Circuit law）
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retractableFirst, the composition of the vehicle circuit
The automobile circuit usually consists of power circuit, starting circuit, ignition circuit, lighting and lighting signal device circuit, instrument information system circuit, auxiliary device circuit and electronic control system circuit.
1. Power supply circuit
Also called charging circuit, is composed of batteries, generators, regulators and charging indicator and other components of the circuit, power distribution (distribution) and circuit protection devices can also be included in this circuit.
2. Starting circuit
It is a circuit composed of starter, starting relay, starting switch and starting protection circuit. The starting preheating device and its control circuit at low temperature can also be included in this circuit.
3. Ignition circuit
It's a unique circuit for gasoline engines. It consists of ignition coil, distributor, electronic ignition controller, spark plug and ignition switch. The electronic ignition control system controlled by microcomputer is generally included in the engine electronic control system.
4, lighting and lighting signal device circuit
It is composed of headlamp, fog lamp, indicating lamp, steering lamp, brake light, reversing lamp, interior lighting lamp and relevant control relay and switch.
5 、 instrument information system circuit
It is a circuit composed of instrument and its sensor, various alarm lights and controllers.
6. Auxiliary device circuit
Is a circuit composed of a variety of electrical device settings to improve vehicle safety and stability and comfort etc.. The type of auxiliary electrical equipment varies with the type of vehicle, the higher the grade of the car, the more perfect the auxiliary electrical device. Generally includes windshield wiper and cleaning device, wind window defrosting (fog proof) device, air conditioning device, audio device, etc.. The more advanced models are also equipped with window electric lifting device, electronic door lock, electric seat adjustment device and electric remote control rearview mirror. Electronic control airbag incorporated into electronic control system.
7 、 electronic control system circuit
The main engine control system (including fuel injection, ignition, emission control), automatic transmission and constant speed control system, brake anti lock system, airbag control system and other circuits.
Two or three circuit diagrams
1. Wiring diagram
Wiring diagram according to the general position of the car electrical appliances on the body to wiring.
Its characteristics are: the whole car electric appliances (i.e. electrical equipment) the number of clear and accurate, the wire to clear, easy to follow through on line tracking, find it more convenient. According to the preparation of the wire harness it assigned to the wire harness to each plug-in position strictly check. The relationship between the switch's wiring and the gear control is expressed by the table method near the switches, which indicates the connection between the fuse and the wire, indicating the color and cross sectional area of the wire.
The wiring diagram of disadvantages: map printed layout small wires arranged in a crisscross pattern, is not easy to distinguish, too big with restricted space; drawing pictures, time-consuming, difficult, not easy to seize the key circuit; the expression of internal circuit structure and working principle.
2. Schematic diagram
When the vehicle circuit principle diagram:
In order to meet the needs of production and teaching, it is often necessary to find the whole course of a circuit as soon as possible, so as to determine the route of fault analysis. In the analysis of the cause of the failure, can not be isolated only limited to a part, but to this part of the circuit in the vehic
le circuit and the relationship with the relevant circuit are expressed. The advantage of vehicle circuit diagram lies in:
(1) the whole car circuit has a complete concept, it is not only
a complete circuit diagram of the whole car, but also a connected part of the local circuit diagram. The key points highlighted, appropriate.
(2) establish the concept of high potential and low in the chart: the negative "-" ground (commonly known as the ground), the lowest figure in the available potential, the bottom line; positive "+" the highest potential, represented by the top of the line. The direction of the current is basically from the top down, the path is: positive power supply "+" to switch to the use of electrical appliances, power supply, ground negative "-".
(3) it is possible to reduce the winding and crossing of the wire, the layout is reasonable, the surface is concise and clear, the graphical symbols take into account the components of the
shape and internal structure, easy for readers to associate, analyze, easy to read, easy to draw.
(4) the local circuit (or subsystems) parallel to each other and the relationship between clear connecti
on point between the generator and the battery between each subsystem, try to keep a connection in situ, fuse, switch and instrument etc. basically consistent with the original.
This local circuit principle diagram:
In order to understand the internal structure of electric vehicle, the relationship between the various components, working principle to understand a local circuit, often from the vehicle circuit out of a need to study the local circuit, referring to other detailed information, if necessary, according to the field mapping, inspection and test records, will zoom, key parts draw and explain. This kind of circuit diagram has the advantages of less electric appliances and small format, and it seems simple and easy to read and draw. Its disadvantage is that it can only understand the local part of the circuit. Figure 87 shows the circuit principle diagram of the Poussin engine part.
3. Wiring harness diagram
Vehicle wiring harness diagram is often used for the connection, overhaul and wiring of automobile assembly line and repair plant. The main wire harness diagram shows that the use of electrical connection, terminal marking, head, connector (connector) shape and position, it is the automobile circuit

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