第7章宗教与信仰
7.1 复习笔记
Ⅰ. Christianity
1. T eaching
2. The Bible
Ⅱ. The Christian Church in Britain
1. The Church of England
2. Other Church in England
Ⅲ. The Decline of Religion
Ⅳ. Superstition
Ⅰ. Christianity(基督教)
1. T eaching(教义)
Christ’s teaching was based on love: love of God, and love of our neighbor, i.e. of all our fellow-men regardless of race. Love, humility, repentance and prayer lead to everlasting happiness in Heaven.
基督教的教义以爱为基础：爱上帝，爱我们的邻居，爱所有种族的人。爱，谦逊，忏悔和祈祷会让人死后升入天堂享受永远的幸福。
2. The Bible(圣经)
The Bible, which is the holy book of Christianity, consists of two ‘testaments’. The Old Testament, The New Testament.perl是什么的缩写
圣经是基督教的圣书，由两个部分组成。旧约和新约。
Ⅱ. The Christian Church in Britain(英国教会)
1. The Church of England(英国教会)
The Church of England, or Anglican Church, is one of the many ‘Protestant’ sects which broke away from the more ancient and more orthodox Roman Catholic Church several centuries ago.
英国圣公会教堂是在数世纪前脱离更古老、更正统的天主教的新教中一个分支。
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2. Other Church in England(英格兰的其他教会)
Roman Catholics, Presbyterian organisations, the Methodist Church, the Congregational and Baptist Churches, and many others.
罗马天主教，长老会，卫理公会，公理会和浸信会以及许多其他的教派。
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Ⅲ. The Decline of Religion(宗教的衰落)
During the last century religion was very popular; during the present century it has seriously declined, and today only a minority goes to any kind of church regularly.
宗教在上个世纪很流行；在本世纪中，它已严重衰落，今天只有少数人定期去教堂。Ⅳ. Superstition(迷信)
Superstitions about how to avoid bad luck and get good luck.
有关如何避免坏运气与得到的好运的迷信。
7.2 课后习题详解
Ⅰ. Explain the following:
1. Christianity
【答案】(1) Christianity refers to all doctrines and religious groups based on the teaching of Jesus Christ. It was founded in the 1st century in Palestine.
(2) Jesus Christ is accepted by Christians as the son of God, and his teaching is contained in the Bible, the holy book of Christianity.
(3) In Europe, Christianity is divided into three major groups, Roman Catholic Church, Protestant Church and Orthodox Eastern Church.
2. Jesus Christ
【答案】(1) Jesus Christ was a Jew who lived in Palestine 2000 years ago and is accepted by Christians as the son of God.
(2) He was born to a virgin named Mary.
(3) His teaching was based on love: love of God, and love of our neighbour.
(4) His teaching and accounts of his life are contained in the New Testament of the Bible.
3. The Bible
【答案】(1) The Bible is the holy book of Christianity. It consists of two testaments.
(2) The Old Testament contains the Jewish writings before the coming of Christ.
(3) The much shorter New Testament contains four accounts (“gospel”) of the life of Christ, followed by the writings of the early Christians, of whom St Paul was the greatest.
4. The Church of England
【答案】(1) Also called Anglican Church, it is one of the many “Protestant” sects which broke away from Roman Catholic Church during the Religious Reformation.
(2) It is an established Church, which means that it represents the official state religion, having certain duties towards the state, and receiving certain privileges from it.
(3) Its temporal head is the Queen, and twenty-six of its highest priests sit in the House of Lords.
5. Roman Catholic Church
【答案】(1) It refers to the Christian Church headed by the Pope in Rome.
(2) All members of the Church accept gospel of Christ and the teaching of the Bible.
(3) Roman Catholics throughout the world recognize the supreme holy authority of Pope in Rome and of the Church or priesthood in general.
6. Protestant Reformation
【答案】(1) A religious movement started in 1517, when the German monk Martin Luther posted for debate a series of theses that challenged Roman Catholic teaching.
(2) Many Protestant sects broke away from the central organization of Roman Catholic Church.
(3) Most of the Protestants stressed the Bible as the source and the norm of their teaching instead of the Pope as a source of authority.
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks:
1. In Europe, Christianity is divided into two major groups, _____ and _____.
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【答案】The Catholic Church; The Protestant Church
【解析】在欧洲，基督教被分成了天主教和新教。
2. The Bible consists of two parts, _____ and _____.
【答案】The Old Testament；The New Testament
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【解析】《圣经》由两部分组成，即《旧约》和《新约》两部分。
3. _____ is the non-priestly head of the Church of England and _____ is the spiritual leader of the Church of England.
【答案】The Queen, The Pope
【解析】英国国教非僧侣的元首是英国女王，而精神上的元首则是大主教。
4. The Trinity, according to the Christian doctrine as developed by St Paul and the early Church, refers to the three aspects of the same one God, _____ and _____. 【答案】Jesus; Holy Spirit
系统架构师应该具备的素质是什么【解析】根据圣保罗和早期教会发展确定的基督教教义，“三一神论”指的是神的三个方面，即圣父、圣子、圣灵为同一本体的三个不同位格。
5. The Church of Scotland in organization is _____.
【答案】presbyterian
【解析】苏格兰教会遵循长老会。
6. _____ is the supreme holy authority of the Roman Catholic.
【答案】The Pope
【解析】长老制是罗马天主教的最高神圣权威。
7. Point out five major Protestant sects that are mentioned in the text: _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____.
【答案】The Church of England, presbyterian organisations, the Methodist Church, the Congregational, Baptist Churches.
【解析】五大新教教派指的是英格兰教会、长老会，卫理公会，公理会和浸信会。

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