电气外文翻译--电力系统故障
Faults in the Power System
___ designs。equipment failures and interference from external sources can still lead to faults in the electric power system。When these faults occur。the power supply from the ___ over a wide area。If the ___ from the rest of the system。it could cause damage to other operating equipment.
A fault occurs when two or more conductors。___ them。___ connect。This n can occur through physical metallic contact or an arc。When a fault occurs。the voltage een the two parts is ced to zero if the n is through metal-to-metal contact or to a very low value if the n is through an arc。As a result。abnormally high currents flow through the ork to the point of the fault。These short-circuit currents are usually much greater than the ___。During the d in which the fault exists。the voltage on the system in the near vicinity of the fault will be so low that ___。it is essential for power system designers to anticipate points at which faults may occur。___ during a fault。___ of the system。It is ___ on the system are opened。a
service faults such r would result in ___ the system circuits.
It is ___ means that the system has been ___。the voltage at the point of overload may be lower than normal。but it will not be zero。This undervoltage n can extend beyond the point of overload and affect the rest of the system。Although the equipment experiencing the overload may have high ___ exceed its thermal design limits。they are still significantly lower than those seen in the case of a fault。As a result。service can often be maintained。___.
Transformer failures ___ of the same winding can lead to short circuits when ___。In some cases。major n can fail。which can cause arcs to form een primary and secondary ___
In the case of generators。failures ___ in the same slot breaks down。causing a short circuit in a single turn of the ___ can also occur een one of the windings and the ___ different windings lying in the same slot。it can cause extensive ns of the machine to short-circuit.
___ a spark gap。When the voltage exceeds a certain level。the spark gap ionizes and a current flows through the gap。which then diverts the surge to ground。These types of arresters are capable of handling high ___ surges and have a long service life.
Gapless (ZnO) metal oxide surge arresters。on the other hand。use a zinc oxide varistor to absorb the surge energy。When the voltage exceeds a certain level。the varistor conducts and shunts the surge to ground。These types of arresters have a faster response time than active gap arresters and are better suited for low and medium ___.
Regardless of the type of arrester used。it is important to note that they have a limited service life and need to be ___。surge arresters ___.
Overall。___。n operators can ensure the safe and reliable n of their equipment.
The two main components of active gap surge arresters (diverters) are the spark gap and the non-linear resistor。One of the earlier designs was ___ plate gaps。which is still used in some medium ___。___。___。particularly in EHV orks (300-750kV)。These arr
esters consist of spark gaps。discharge resistors。and a grading system that monitors the n of voltage across the spark gaps.

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