《新概念英语》第⼆册语法精粹
《新概念英语第⼆册》语法精粹
知识要点：
冠词是⼀种虚词，放在名词的前⾯，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a⽤在辅⾳之前：如a book, a man; an⽤在元⾳之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the 是定冠词。
⼀、不定冠词的⽤法
1、指⼈或事物的某⼀种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本⽤法。如：She is a girl. I am
a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某⼈或某物，但不具体说明何⼈或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Wang is looking for you. ⼀位姓王的同志正在你。
3、表⽰数量，有“⼀”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、⽤于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of,
a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、⽤在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作⽤。如：
This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这⼥孩对她⽗母来说是⼀个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是⼀件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是⼀种荣誉。
⼆、定冠词的⽤法：
1、特指某（些）⼈或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本⽤法。如：
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指谈话双⽅都知道的⼈或事物。如：
Where is the teacher?
Open the window, please.
3、指上⽂提过的⼈或事物（第⼆次出现）。如：
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
The baby was thin.
4、⽤在世界上独⼀⽆⼆的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun.
5、⽤在序数词和形容词最⾼级前。（副词最⾼级前的定冠词可省略）如：
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、⽤在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专⽤名词）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、⽤在⼀些习惯⽤语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、⽤在江河湖海、⼭脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、⽤在报刊、杂志前。如：the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤⼠报。
10、表⽰某⼀家⼈要加定冠词。如：
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗⼀家今天要接待客⼈。
11、⽤在形容词前，表某⼀类⼈。如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick 等。
12、定冠词可以表⽰⼀事物内部的某处。如：
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠词（即不⽤冠词）：（来源：给⼒英语⽹www.doczj/doc/3f6e670d6bd97f192279e97b.html ）
1、专⽤名词和不可数名词前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名词前已有作定语⽤的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：
Go down this street.
3、复数名词表⽰⼀类⼈或事物时。如：
We are students. I like reading stories.
4、节⽇、⽇期、⽉份、季节前。如：Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is New Year’s Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在称呼语或表⽰头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：
What’s the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor.
6、在某些习惯⽤语中的名词前。如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
We are going to play football.
We usually have lunch at school.
8、科⽬前不加。如：
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
【专项训练】：
1、We can’t live without air.
A．an B．×C．the D．some
2、——Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.
——Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a
3、I’ve been waiting for him for hour and half.
A．×; ×B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a
4、What fine weather we have today!
A．a B．×C．some D．an
5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one?
A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree
6、Children usually go to school at age of six.
A．×; the B．a; an C．the; ×D．the; the
7、Himalayas is highest mountain in world.
A．×; the;×B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×
8、They each have __book. Li Hua’s is about writer. Wang Lin’s is on science.
A．a; a; ×B．the; ×; the C．×; the; ×D．a; the; a
9、Physics is science of matter and energy.
A．The; ×B．×; ×C．×; the D．A; a
10、sun rises in east and sets in west.
A．A; an; a B．The;×;× C．The; the; the D．A; the; a
11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. A．a;×B．the; an C．the; the D．×; the
12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad temper. A．×;a B．A;×C．The; the D．A; a
13、They were at dinner then. It was delicous one.
A．a; the B．×;×C．×;a D．a; a
14、what kind of car do you want to buy?
A．×B．the C．a D．an
15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music. A．×; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．the; the
16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.
A．the; ×B．×; the C．×;×D．the; the
17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.
A．×B．a C．the D．one
18、——Where’s Jack?
——I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.
A．×;×B．the; the C．the; ×D．×; the
19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.
A．the; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．×; the
20、——I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.
——Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a
【答案】：
1、B air是不可数名词。
2、D 此题为97年⾼考题。根据句意，第⼀空是泛指，第⼀次出现；第⼆空仍是泛指，且表数量“－”。
3、D 元⾳前⽤an。
4、B weather是不可数名词。
5、A 此题为85年⾼考题。泛指。
6、A go to school是固定短语。
7、B ⼭脉、形容词最⾼级及世界上的唯⼀的名词前加定冠词。
8、A 第⼀、⼆空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词。
9、C 第⼀空，科⽬前不加冠词；第⼆空特指，有定语。
10、C
11、A 第⼀空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第⼆空，trade不可数。
12、D 第⼀空是指有⼀位琼斯先⽣在您不在的时候来访。（括号⾥说明，我们俩都不认识这个⼈，因此不是特指。）第⼆空是固定短语，情绪不好。
13、C 第⼀空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语。
14、A 泛指
15、C 此题是89年⾼考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词。
16、A 此题是90年⾼考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数。
17、C 此题是91年⾼考题：发明应是特指。
18、D 此题是92年⾼考题。in bed是固定短语，不加冠词。
19、C 此题是93年⾼考题。第⼀空后有定语，固是特指。第⼆空，public places，公共场所，泛指。
20、A 此题是95年⾼考题。information是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。
⼆、名词Nouns
知识要点：
⼀、名词的种类：
1、专有名词：
1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词）
2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）
2、普通名词
1）不可数名词
物质名词：，，，…
抽象名词：，，，，…
water rice oil paper
health trouble work pleasure honor ?
注意：①不可数名词前⼀般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。
如：have a wonderful time.
②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词⽤第三⼈称单数形式。
③不可数名词⼀般⽆复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可⽤复数形式。
如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……
| | |
各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海⽔积雪
④有些抽象名词也常⽤复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties 困难
⑤在表数量时，常⽤“of”词组来表⽰。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper…. 2）可数名词：
①可数名词除⽤复数形式表⼀类之外，⼀般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly.
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.
②有复数形式：
a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略）
hibernating
b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),
phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同⼀种鱼）……。如，a sheep, two sheep
d）只⽤复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means.
f）形单实复：people (⼈民，⼈们)，the police, cattle等
g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各
个成员时，为复数。如：My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.
h）复合名词变复数时，(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂⼦，弟妹；step-son (s)继⼦；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。
(b)如没有主体名词则在最后⼀个词的后⾯加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年⼈，go-between(s)中间⼈
(c）woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数⼀致。如：a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors
⼆、名词的所有格：
1、表有⽣命的东西（⼈或动物）的名词所有格，⼀般在名词后加“’s”。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…
注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home（⼯⼈疗养院），the students’ reading-room
2）复合名词的所有格，在后⾯的词后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo（她⼥婿的照⽚）；any body else’s book（其他任何⼈的书）
3）如果⼀样东西为两⼈或两⼈以上共有，则在最后的⼀个名词后⾯加“’s”；

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。