浅析现状农村生活污水存在问题及应对方法中英文
  文中主要分析了农村生活污水特点及排放特征、处理现状及问题，并根据村落布局和社会经济条件，探讨了适宜不同地区的农村污水处理模式。同时为了保证生活污水处理系统长期稳定可持续运行，提出了有效宏观管理措施。
This paper mainly analyzes the status and problems of rural domestic wastewater characteristics and emission characteristics, treatment, and according to the layout of the village and the social and economic conditions, suitable for different areas of rural sewage treatment mode. At the same time in order to ensure long-term steady operation of the sewage treatment system, and puts forward some effective management measures.
一、现状农村生活污水及存在的问题　
One, current situation and existing problems of rural domestic sewage
　（一）现状农村生活污水水质及排放特点
( a ) the status of rural life sewage water and exhaust emission characteristics
  农村生活污水包括洗涤、沐浴、厨房炊事、粪便及其冲洗等排水 。由于农村经济发展的不平衡，各地农村生活污水的量和质也相差较大，经济发达地区的农村居民生活污水量远高于欠发达地区，污水中氮和磷也高于欠发达地区，而有机污染物较欠发达地区的要低。总的说来，我国农村生活污水具有面广分散、来源多、增长快、污水成分复杂、水质及水量变化大[5-6] 的特征。　
Rural sewage includes washing, bath, kitchen, feces and water drainage. Because of the unbalanced development of the rural economy, rural domestic sewage quantity and quality are also different, the amount of domestic sewage in rural residents in economically developed areas is much higher than in underdeveloped areas, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater was also higher than that of underdeveloped area, and organic pollutants is owe to the low developed area. Generally speaking, the characteristics of rural domestic sewage has wide sources, dispersion, fast growth, sewage complex, water quality and quantity changes of [5-6]. thrift
　（二）农村污水处理现状及问题
( two ) status and problems of sewage treatment in rural areas
  我国农村生活污水的排放途径主要是直接洒向地面、就近排入河道或通过下水道入河等。农村污水排放中存在的问题主要表现在: 一是不少农户在新建房屋和旧房卫生设施改造中，虽然建有三格式化粪池，但却没有排放设施，而是依靠土壤渗透，这种方法虽简便，却严重污染了周围的地下水; 二是即使有排水系统，绝大多数也是合流制排水，且一般采用明沟排水，由于没有科学、合理地进行规划，加之农药的大量使用、畜禽粪便随雨水流入沟渠，一到晴天气味难闻，严重污染着农村生活环境; 三是农村往往有灌渠贯穿其中，随着各家各户普遍使用冲水厕所，各种污废水未经处理大量排入灌渠，对农业灌溉用水污染颇大。
Discharge of rural domestic wastewater in our country is directly sprayed to the ground, the nearby rivers or through the drain into the river. Existing problems in rural sewage discharge is mainly manifested in: first, many farmers in the new housing and home health facilities transformation, although there are three format septic tanks, but no discharge facilities, relying instead on soil infiltration, although this method is simple, but t
he serious pollution of the surrounding groundwater; two is even equipped with a drainage system, the vast majority are combined sewer, and generally use the open ditch drainage, due to the lack of scientific, reasonable planning, coupled with the extensive application of pesticides, livestock and poultry manure with the rain water to flow into the ditch, a sunny smell, serious pollution of rural living environment; three is the countryside often have irrigation canal running through them, with families in common use flush toilets, waste water untreated into the ditch is quite large, for irrigation water pollution.
二、农村生活污水处理模式与处理技术分析
Analysis of two, rural sewage treatment mode and processing technology
  农村地区居住相对分散，自然条件和经济条件千差万别，采取统一的污水处理模式绝无可能，而应该因地制宜，根据村庄的具体实际来确定污水排放模式。
Relatively scattered rural areas differ in thousands of ways, natural conditions and economic conditions, take no sewage treatment unification, but should suit one's measur
es to local conditions, to determine the sewage discharge mode according to the actual village.
  　结合国外生活污水处理的成功经验和我国农村生活污水的排放特点，总结近年来滨州一些地方的工程实例，滨州农村生活污水处理的模式可以按照分类处置的原则加以选择。  （一）分散式农村生活污水处理模式　
Based on the successful experience of foreign rural sewage treatment and domestic sewage emission characteristics of engineering examples, summarizes some places in Binzhou in recent years, Binzhou rural sewage treatment mode can be selected according to the principle of classification management. ( a ) distributed rural sewage treatment mode
　对于距离城镇污水管网比较远，或者接入城镇污水管网的投资较大的村庄，不可能把污水收集后输往就近的污水厂去处理，只能走小型化、就地化、分散式处理的道路。
For urban sewage pipe network, far distance, or access to urban sewage pipe network in
vestment larger villages, impossible to sewage collection to the nearest sewage treatment plant after treatment, can only take the small, local, decentralized way of processing.
  1、农村生活污水沼气净化池处理模式  在当前农村生活污水处理的实践中，最通用、节俭、能够体现环境效益与社会效益结合的生活污水处理方式是沼气池。沼气净化池处理模式采用“多级发酵技术、多种好氧过滤和多层次的净化”逐段降解，根据水质确定工艺流程，使其达到排放标准。工艺流程主要结构有预处理系统、厌氧发酵系统、兼氧发酵系统和后处理好氧过滤系统。使经处理的出水水质能较稳定地达到粪便无害化和污水排放标准，用于农田灌溉或水产养殖。污水沼气净化池处理模式有分流和合流两种工艺流程。分流式适用于粪便污水和其它生活污水分流进入池内，合流式适用于粪便污水和其他生活污水合流进入池内。　
1, rural sewage biogas digester processing pattern in the current practice of rural sewage treatment, sewage treatment method is the most universal, thrift, can reflect the social benefits and environmental benefits with the methane tank. Biogas digester processing mode using " multistage fermentation technology, a variety of aerobic filter and multilevel
purification " piecewise degradation, according to the water quality to determine the process flow, enables it to achieve the emission standard. The main structure of pretreatment system, the process of anaerobic fermentation system, facultative anaerobic fermentation system and treatment after aerobic filter system. The water quality of effluent treatment can stably reach non-hazardous treatment of feces and sewage discharge standard, used for farmland irrigation and aquaculture. Sewage biogas digester processing mode is split and combined two kinds of process. Shunt type suitable for fecal sewage and domestic sewage flow into the pool, combined for fecal sewage and life sewage into the pool.

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