介词,连词for的15种用法归纳
一.介词
用法1:(表目的)为了,主语通常是人
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。
What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了?
He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。
We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。
He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。
【说明1】在通常情况下,英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如:他去那儿看他叔叔。
【说明1】在通常情况下,英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如:他去那儿看他叔叔。
误:He went there for seeing his uncle.
正:He went there to see his uncle.
但是,若一个动名词已名词化,则可与 for 连用表目的。如:
He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化)
注意:若不是表目的,而是表原因、用途等,则其后可接动名词。
【说明2】
(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词( buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等),当双宾语易位时(物在前,人在后),通常用 for 来引出间接宾语,表示间接宾语为受益者。如:
She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。
He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。
注意,类似下面这样的句子必须用 for:
He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。
(2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词 for:
(2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词 for:
他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。
误:They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.
正:They decided to advertise their new product on TV.
注:advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词,但含义不同:advertise sth=为卖出某物而打广告;advertise for sth=为寻某物而打广告。如:advertise for a job=登广告求职。
由于受汉语“为”的影响,而此处误加了介词 for。同样,汉语中的“为人民服务”, serve the people,而不是 serve for the people,“为某人的死报仇”, avenge sb’s death,而不是 avenge for sb’s death,等。
用法2:(表用途)用于,用来,主语通常是物
用法2:(表用途)用于,用来,主语通常是物
Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。
Knives are used to cut things.
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
This knife is to cut bread.
It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。
It’s a machine to slice bread.
注意:这里的for doing 可以换成to do
The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。
用法3:给(某人),供(某人)用。如:
用法3:给(某人),供(某人)用。如:
That’s for you. 这是给你的。
Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。
Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗?
用法4:(表原因、理由)因为,由于。如:
I am sorry for it. 对不起。
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。
You can’t see the wood for the trees. 你只见树木,不见森林。
He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。
I couldn’t speak for laughing. 我笑得说不出话来。
He couldn’t sleep for joy. 他高兴得不能入睡。
【说明】有些表原因的特殊结构不宜用介词 for 来引出,而用其他介词。如:
他由于努力工作而加了工资。
误:For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
正:As a [the] result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
注:as a [the] result of 是习语,意为“由于……的结果”。
因为母亲不在家,她只好自己做饭。
误:For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.
正:With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.
注:“with+宾语+宾语补足语”可用来表示原因,此时的 with 不能换成 for。类似地,下例中的 with 也不能换成 for:
fetch最佳用法With all this work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做,我不知是否有时间出去。
我们祝贺你的成功。
误:We congratulate you for your success.
正:We congratulate you on your success.
注:congratulate 后习惯上接介词 on 表示原因。
用法5:(表目标、去向)去,后常加地点
用法5:(表目标、去向)去,后常加地点
This is the bus for the Great Wall. 这辆公共汽车是开往长城的。
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。
They set off for the shops. 他们买东西去了。
Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗?
Passengers for Tianjin must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必须在北京换车。
【说明】比较 for 与 to,两者均可表示目的地,注意以下区别:
【说明】比较 for 与 to,两者均可表示目的地,注意以下区别:
for 通常与 leave, start, set out, set off, head, depart, be bound, be destined 等动词连用,而 to 则通常与 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等动词连用。如:
We departed for London at 10 am. 我们上午10点动身去伦敦。
Then we drove to the station. 然后我们就开车去了车站。
有时,同一个动词(如 sail)两者均可连用,但含义稍有差别:用 for 通常只表示向着预定目的地,并不强调到达的意思;而 to 含有到达某目的地的意思。如:
They sailed for Shanghai. 他们开船驶往上海。
They sailed to Shanghai. 他们开船驶至上海。
用法6:(表时间、距离、数量等)达,计。如:
I’m going away for a few days. 我要走开几天。
I’ve been here for ten years. 我来这儿有10年了。
He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。
The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店给我送来了一张50美元的账单。
用法7:表示对于,适合
Eggs are good for you. 鸡蛋对你有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。
I’m going away for a few days. 我要走开几天。
I’ve been here for ten years. 我来这儿有10年了。
He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。
The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店给我送来了一张50美元的账单。
用法7:表示对于,适合
Eggs are good for you. 鸡蛋对你有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。
I am late for class. 我上课迟到了。
Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗?
It’s a good place for a camp. 那是个露营的好地方。
She bought some clothes for winter. 她买了些冬天穿的衣服。
Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗?
It’s a good place for a camp. 那是个露营的好地方。
She bought some clothes for winter. 她买了些冬天穿的衣服。
He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言,他的身体算重的了。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
用法8:(表交换)换,以……作交换。如:
He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用几本杂志换她的字典。
She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50美元买这条裙子。
I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角钱买了一磅苹果。
Don’t translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译。
用法9:作为,当作。如:
Don’t take him for a fool. 别把他当傻瓜。
He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一条绳子误认为是蛇。
【说明】用于此义时,有时相当于 as, to be, as being,但要注意不同句型的搭配习惯。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
用法8:(表交换)换,以……作交换。如:
He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用几本杂志换她的字典。
She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50美元买这条裙子。
I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角钱买了一磅苹果。
Don’t translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译。
用法9:作为,当作。如:
Don’t take him for a fool. 别把他当傻瓜。
He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一条绳子误认为是蛇。
【说明】用于此义时,有时相当于 as, to be, as being,但要注意不同句型的搭配习惯。
如:
I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他为人老实。
It was built for [as] a pleasure boat. 这船建作游艇之用。
比较:
He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为同意。
Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合伙人好吗?
用法10:表示支持、赞成=agree with/disagree with
Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
I’m all for the young . 我完全赞成年轻人。
用法11:代表,代替,代理
What’s the “C” for in “BBC”? BBC中的C代表什么?
Red is for danger. 红代表危险。
The lawyer acted for him during the trial. 在审案期间由律师代表他行事。
用法12:(表安排的时间)在,于。如:
The appointment is for 10:30. 约会定在十点半。
I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他为人老实。
It was built for [as] a pleasure boat. 这船建作游艇之用。
比较:
He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为同意。
Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合伙人好吗?
用法10:表示支持、赞成=agree with/disagree with
Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
I’m all for the young . 我完全赞成年轻人。
用法11:代表,代替,代理
What’s the “C” for in “BBC”? BBC中的C代表什么?
Red is for danger. 红代表危险。
The lawyer acted for him during the trial. 在审案期间由律师代表他行事。
用法12:(表安排的时间)在,于。如:
The appointment is for 10:30. 约会定在十点半。
We’ve invited our guests for 7 o’clock. 我们已邀请我们的客人7点钟来。
We’ve booked our holiday for the second week in July. 我们的假期安排在七月份的第二个星期。
The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次会议已定于5月10日举行。
【说明】用于此义时,for 主要指安排或约定的时间,但是下面两例中的介词 at,in 就不能换成 for。如:
He gets up at six every day. 他每天6点钟起床。
He was born in September, 1988. 他出生于1988年9月。
用法13:(表让步)尽管,虽然。如:
For all his money, he’s a very lonely man. 他虽然富有,可是非常寂寞。
For all his efforts, he didn’t succeed. 尽管他做了很多努力,却仍然没有成功。
I love you, for all your shortcomings. 尽管你有很多缺点,但我仍然爱你。
【用法说明】用于此义时,通常与 all 连用。
We’ve booked our holiday for the second week in July. 我们的假期安排在七月份的第二个星期。
The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次会议已定于5月10日举行。
【说明】用于此义时,for 主要指安排或约定的时间,但是下面两例中的介词 at,in 就不能换成 for。如:
He gets up at six every day. 他每天6点钟起床。
He was born in September, 1988. 他出生于1988年9月。
用法13:(表让步)尽管,虽然。如:
For all his money, he’s a very lonely man. 他虽然富有,可是非常寂寞。
For all his efforts, he didn’t succeed. 尽管他做了很多努力,却仍然没有成功。
I love you, for all your shortcomings. 尽管你有很多缺点,但我仍然爱你。
【用法说明】用于此义时,通常与 all 连用。
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