英语完形填空
McDonald’s, Greggs, KFC and Subway are today named as the most littered brands in England as Keep Britain Tidy called on fast-food companies to do more to tackle customers who drop their wrappers and drinks cartons (盒子) in the streets.
Phil Barton, chief executive of Keep Britain Tidy, 1 its new Dirty Pig campaign, said it was the first time it had investigated which 2 made up “littered England” and the same names appeared again and again. “We __3__ litterers for dropping this fast food litter __4__ the first place but also believe the results have pertinent (相关的) messages for the fast food __5__. Mc-Donald’s, Greggs, KFC and Subway need to do more to __6__ littering by their customers.”
He recognised efforts made by McDonald’s, __7__ placing litter bins and increasing litter patrols, but its litter remained “all too prevalent”. All fast food chains should reduce __8__ packaging, he added. Companies could also reduce prices __9__ those who stayed to eat food on their premises, offer money-off vouchers (代金券) or other __10__ for those w
ho returned packaging and put more bins at __11__ points in local streets, not just outside their premises. A __12__ for McDonald’s said: “We do our best. Obviously we ask all our customers to dispose of litter responsibly.” Trials of more extensive, all-day litter patrols were __13__ in Manchester and Birmingham.
KFC said it took its __14__ on litter management “very seriously”, and would introduce a programme to reduce packaging __15__ many products. Subway said that it worked hard to __16__ the impact of litter on communities，__17__ it was “still down to the __18__ customer to dispose of their litter responsibly”. Greggs said it recognised the “continuing challenge for us all”, __19__ having already taken measures to help __20__ the issue.
1. A) elevating B) convening C) launching D) projecting
2. A) signals B) signs C) commercials D) brands
3. A) condemn B) refute C) uncover D) disregard
4. A) around B) toward C) in D) off
5. A) industry B) career C) profession D) vocation
6. A) exclude B) discourage C) suppress D) retreat
7. A) incorporating B) including C) comprising D) containing
8. A) unreliable B) unrelated C) unimportant D) unnecessary
9. A) for B) about C) with D) to
10. A) accessories B) merits C) incentives D) dividends
11. A) curious B) mysterious C) strange D) strategic
12. A) narrator B) spokesman C) mediator D) broker
degrade
13. A) in season B) at risk C) off hand D) under way
14. A) responsibility B) liability C) commission D) administration
15. A) around B) by C) on D) above
16. A) divert B) minimize C) degrade D) suspend
17. A) if B) whether C) so D) but
18. A) individual B) concrete C) unique D) respective
19. A) except B) without C) despite D) via
20. A) deal B) tackle C) cope D) dispos
What’s your earliest childhood memo ry? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you 1 thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 2___ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four 3 retain any specific, personal experiences.
A variety of explanations have been 4 by psychologists for this “child amnesia”. One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature 5 about the age of two. But the most popular theory ___6 that,
since adults do not think like children, they cannot 7 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 8__ -- one event follows __9__ as in a novel or film but when they search through their mental 10 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fit the 11 . It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.
Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new ___12 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply 13 any childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use 14 spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly 15___ impressions of them into long-term memories. In other 16 ，children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about 17 —Mother talking about the afternoon ___18 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 19___ reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 20___ memories of their personal experiences.
1. A. touched B. heard C. listened D. felt
2. A. recall B. resolve C. involve D. interpret
3. A. merely B. really C. largely D. rarely
4. A. proposed B. witnessed C. cancelled D. figured
5. A.after B. since C. until D. once
6. A. contains B. maintains C. magnifies D. intervenes
7. A. access B. refer C. reflect D. attain
8. A. regulations B. descriptions C. narratives D. forecasts
9. A.the other B. others C. the rest D. another
10. A. flashes B. files C. outputs D. dreams
11. A. frame B. landscape C. footstep D. pattern
12. A. explanation B. factor C. emphasis D. arrangement
13. A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. aren’t D. weren’t
14. A. someone else B. someone else’s C. anyone else D. anyone else’s
15. A. forgetting B. remembering C. forgotten D. remembered
16. A. words B. means C. senses D. cases
17. A. it B. them C. him D. theirs

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