2021年考研英语真题及答案(完整版)
    2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题详解 Section Ⅰ Use of English  Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)  People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day。  To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 。  He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors i
nto consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her。  Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 。  1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers  2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external  3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
    4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all  5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless  6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
    7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless  8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test  9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success  10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
    11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise  12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured  13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged  14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took  15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
    16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced  17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below  18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate  19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
    20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful  答案:  1-5: ADCAB  6-10: BADDA  11-15: DCBDB
    16-20: CACBC  答案详解:
    2021年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为A Question of Judgment的文章。讲述的是有关判断的问题。这类文章出现在今年的考研真题中,符合考研英语历年的出题形式。但是考生在没有掌握单词基本知识和解题技巧的情况下也会感到很困难。
    相较于2021年的完型来说,今年的考题适中。考查的词汇部分涉及到名词、动词、形容
词和介词。其中,动词考查的频率最高,占完型部分考题的35%。第4、7、15和17题考察了逻辑连接题,占完型题目的20%。考生要在掌握上下文结构的基础上准确完成这类考题。其次,在文章考查点里有两处涉及到了后置定语的语法知识,即第5和第10题。一处是形容词加介词构成后置定语,一处是过去分词作后置定语,而这两点在跨考一阶的讲义中,各位语法老师已经跟考生们专门讲解过。后期陆陆续续的阅读和写作课里,也是反复提到的语法点。
    遵循以往完型填空的结构形式,今年的考题仍然秉承了总分的结构。第一段引出话题并介绍Dr. Simonsohn 的观点。第二、三、四段具体介绍了Dr. Simonsohn为证明理论采取的实验以及最后的发现。而且在文章第一句话就给出了整篇文章的中心主线―People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions。
    总之2021年的考题在日常强调的“单词加技巧等于高分”的解题方式下,定会被迎刃而解。
    1. [标准答案] [A]
    [考点分析] 上下文语义和词汇辨析
    [选项分析] 本题考查动词。根据上下文意思,首先可以排除[B]和[D]。这句话中 that 引导一个定语从句,主要是说这一优势赋予了一种特定的能力。[C]中transmit 为 传播,不符合上下文意思。  2. [标准答案] [D]  [考点分析] 上下文语义
    [选项分析] which are unbiased 这个定语从句做插入语修饰 judgment。这句话的意思是“通过XXX因素作出公正判决的能力”,由此可以排除[A] 和 [B]。做
    这一题时,我们需要理解第一句话,给我们提供了一个大的背景和条件。第一句话说“人们不擅长利用背景信息作决定”,所以可以推出这儿并不是“通过关键信息”来做出公正的判决,而是通过其它一些信息,如外部的信息,作出判决。根据上下文意思,可以推出 [D] 为正确答案。  3. [标准答案] [C]
    [考点分析] 上下文语义和固定搭配
    [选项分析] big picture 是一个固定搭配,指(事情的)主要部分;重点,故选[A]。其它词语与big 搭配,均没有这层意思。  4. [标准答案] [A]  [考点分析] 逻辑衔接题
    [选项分析] 根据上下文的逻辑关系判断,在提出一个观点之后,接下来就是进行例证。选项中只有[A] 表示“例如”,符合这一逻辑关系,故选[A]。[B]表示“平均”的意思;[C]为“大体上,原则上”;[D] 为“首先”,均不符合。  5. [标准答案] [B]
    [考点分析] 上下文语义和词汇辨析
    [选项分析] 这四个选项均可以与介词 of 搭配,[A] 表示“喜欢”, [B] 表示“害怕,恐怕”, [C] 表示“能够,具有?能力”, [D] 表示“轻率的,考虑不周的”。of 后面的短语作 judge 的定语,这句话意思是“XXX地显得对犯罪太过软弱的法官可能更倾向于给被告作出判刑的判决”。根据上下文的意思,可以排除 [A] 和 [D]。而“显得对犯罪太过软弱”显然不是某种能力,故可以排除[C] 选项。根据上下文意思,害怕显得过于软弱的法官,才会更倾向于作出较严厉的判决。故选[B]。
    6. [标准答案] [B]  [考点分析] 介词搭配
    [选项分析] soft on sb/sth 是一个固定搭配词组,表示“对某人/某事态度偏软,不够严厉”的意思,故选[B]。  7.标准答案Aapplicant是什么意思
    考点分析 逻辑衔接题
    选项分析 前半句含义是“一个担心自己会犯罪行为上表现的过分软弱的法官可能会判人入狱”,后半句含义是“当天他已经判五到六个人缓刑”两句间的逻辑关系明显为假设。A if 表示假设“如果”。B until “直到。。。才。。。”。C though “然而”,表转折。D unless “除非”,表让步。前半句是结果主句,后半句是一个假设条件,所以选C
    8.标准答案 D。考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析
    选项分析 本句话是说要进行试验来验证观点。空格后的名词idea作宾语,对决定动词十分关键。
    动词意思应为“测试”。A promote “促进”。B emphasize “强调”。C share “分享”。D test “测试”。只有D 选项和“观点”搭配,符合语境。  9.标准答案 D。考点分析 上下文语义及名词辨析
    选项分析 本句话含义是讲其中一个申请者与其他申请在面试中的关系。申请者希望成功。A decisioin “选择”。B quality “质量”。C status “身份”。D success “成功”。只有D 项搭
配,符合语境。  10.标准答案 A。考点分析 后置定语
    选项分析 本句意为测试中随机选出的其他申请者。A chosen “选出”。B stupid “笨的”。C found “发现”。D identified “识别”。只有A 选项和申请者搭配意为选出来的申请者,符合语境。  11.标准答案 D。考点分析 逻辑衔接题
    选项分析 后半句开头的but已经暗示了下文的连接词。内容上前半句意为一个申请者的面试成功和其他申请者没有关系,后半句意为西蒙森怀疑事实。明显是转折关系。A exceptional “例外的”。B defensible “可防御的”。C replaceable “可替换的”。D otherwise “相反的”。只有D项可以表转折关系,所以选D。  12. 标准答案 C。考点分析 后置定语

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