⽤python读写excel的⽅法
本⽂实例讲述了⽤python读写excel的⽅法。分享给⼤家供⼤家参考。具体如下：
最近需要从多个excel表⾥⾯⽤各种⽅式整理⼀些数据，虽然说原来⽤过java做这类事情，但是由于最近在学python，所以当然就决定⽤python尝试⼀下了。发现python果然简洁很多。这⾥简单记录⼀下。（由于是⽤到什么学什么，所以不算太深⼊，⾼⼿勿喷，欢迎指导）
⼀、读excel表
1、导⼊模块
复制代码代码如下:
import xlrd
2、打开Excel⽂件读取数据
复制代码代码如下:
data = xlrd.open_workbook('excel.xls')
3、获取⼀个⼯作表
①  table = data.sheets()[0]      #通过索引顺序获取
②  table = data.sheet_by_index(0) #通过索引顺序获取
③  table = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')#通过名称获取
4、获取整⾏和整列的值（返回数组）
复制代码代码如下:
5、获取⾏数和列数　
复制代码代码如下:
6、获取单元格
复制代码代码如下:
就我⾃⼰使⽤的时候觉得还是获取cell最有⽤，这就相当于是给了你⼀个⼆维数组，余下你就可以想怎么⼲就怎么⼲了。得益于这个⼗分好⽤的库代码很是简洁。但是还是有若⼲坑的存在导致话了⼀定时间探索。现在列出来供后⼈参考吧：
1、⾸先就是我的统计是根据姓名统计各个表中的信息的，但是调试发现不同的表中各个名字貌似不能够匹配，开始怀疑过编码问题，不过后来发现是因为  空格。因为在excel中输⼊的时候很可能会顺⼿在⼀些名字后⾯加上⼏个空格或是tab键，这样看起来没什么差别，但是程序处理的时候这就是两个完全  不同的串了。我的解决⽅法是给每个获取的字符串都加上strip（）处理⼀下。效果良好
2、还是字符串的匹配，在判断某个单元格中的字符串（中⽂）是否等于我所给出的的时候发现⽆法匹
配，并且各种unicode 也不太奏效，百度过⼀些解决  ⽅案，但是都⽐较复杂或是没⽤。最后我采⽤了⼀个⽐较变通的⽅式：直接从excel中获取我想要的值再进⾏⽐较，效果是不错就是通⽤⾏不太好，个  呢不能问题还没解决。
⼆、写excel表
1、导⼊模块
复制代码代码如下:
import xlwt
2、创建workbook（其实就是excel，后来保存⼀下就⾏）
复制代码代码如下:
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
3、创建表
复制代码代码如下:
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
4、往单元格内写⼊内容
复制代码代码如下:
worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Row 0, Column 0 Value')
5、保存
复制代码代码如下:
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
由于我的需求⽐较简单，所以这上⾯没遇到什么问题，唯⼀的就是建议还是⽤ascii编码，不然可能会有⼀些诡异的现象。当然xlwt功能远远不⽌这些，他甚⾄可以设置各种样式之类的。附上⼀点例⼦
复制代码代码如下:
Examples Generating Excel Documents Using Python's xlwt
python怎么读取excel文件数据
Here are some simple examples using Python's xlwt library to dynamically generate Excel documents.
The Simplest Example
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Row 0, Column 0 Value')
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Formatting the Contents of a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
font = xlwt.Font() # Create the Font
font.name = 'Times New Roman'
font.bold = True
font.underline = True
font.italic = True
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Style
style.font = font # Apply the Font to the Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Unformatted value')
worksheet.write(1, 0, label = 'Formatted value', style) # Apply the Style to the Cell
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Attributes of the Font Object
font.bold = True # May be: True, False
font.italic = True # May be: True, False
font.struck_out = True # May be: True, False
font.underline = xlwt.Font.UNDERLINE_SINGLE # May be: UNDERLINE_NONE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE_ACC, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE_ACC
font.escapement = xlwt.Font.ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT # May be: ESCAPEMENT_NONE,
ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT, ESCAPEMENT_SUBSCRIPT
font.family = xlwt.Font.FAMILY_ROMAN # May be: FAMILY_NONE, FAMILY_ROMAN, FAMILY_SWISS,
FAMILY_MODERN, FAMILY_SCRIPT, FAMILY_DECORATIVE
font.charset = xlwt.Font.CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN # May be: CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN, CHARSET_S
YS_DEFAULT, CHARSET_SYMBOL, CHARSET_APPLE_ROMAN, CHARSET_ANSI_JAP_SHIFT_JIS,
CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_HANGUL, CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_JOHAB, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_GBK,
CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_BIG5, CHARSET_ANSI_GREEK, CHARSET_ANSI_TURKISH,
CHARSET_ANSI_VIETNAMESE, CHARSET_ANSI_HEBREW, CHARSET_ANSI_ARABIC, CHARSET_ANSI_BALTIC, CHARSET_ANSI_CYRILLIC, CHARSET_ANSI_THAI, CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN_II, CHARSET_OEM_LATIN_I
<_biff_record = ?
font.height = 0x00C8 # C8 in Hex (in decimal) = 10 points in height.
font.name = ?
font.outline = ?
font.shadow = ?
Setting the Width of a Cell
import xltw
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'My Cell Contents')
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Entering a Date into a Cell
import xlwt
import datetime
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.num_format_str = 'M/D/YY' # Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0
worksheet.write(0, 0, w(), style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Adding a Formula to a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, 5) # Outputs 5
worksheet.write(0, 1, 2) # Outputs 2
worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula('A1*B1')) # Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2])
worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1,B1)')) # Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2])
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Merging Columns and Rows
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3, 'First Merge') # Merges row 0's columns 0 through 3.
font = xlwt.Font() # Create Font
font.bold = True # Set font to Bold
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.font = font # Add Bold Font to Style
worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3, 'Second Merge', style) # Merges row 1 through 2's columns 0 through 3.
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Setting the Alignment for the Contents of a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER,
HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM,
VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Adding Borders to a Cell
# Please note: While I was able to find these constants within the source code, on my system (using LibreOffice,) I was only presented with a solid line, varying from thin to thick; no dotted or dashed lines.
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED # May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED,
MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED

borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.left_colour = 0x40
borders.right_colour = 0x40
borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Setting the Background Color of a Cell
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
pattern = xlwt.Pattern() # Create the Pattern
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12 pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Pattern
style.pattern = pattern # Add Pattern to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
希望本⽂所述对⼤家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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