III. True or False Items
Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.
1. (    ) Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
2. (    ) In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.
3. (    ) Modern linguistics is mainly descriptive. 
4. (    ) Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.
5. (    ) English is rich in synonyms for historical reasons but complete synonyms, i.e. synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances, are rare.
6.（    ）When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment
that occurs in the same place in the string, then the two words are called minimal pairs. Sip and zip are a minimal pair, as are fine and vine, and veal and leaf.
7.（    ）In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.　
8. (    ) A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.
9. (      ) The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.
10. (    ) Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.
11.（    ） The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.
13.（    ） Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often idiomatic, always being the sum total of the meanings of its components.
14.（    ） When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string, then the two words are called minimal pairs. Sip and zip are a minimal pair, as are fine and vine, and veal and leaf.
minimal
15.（    ） Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.
16.（    ）    Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.
17. （    ） New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus “peddle” was derived from “peddler” on the mistaken assumption that the “-er” was the agentive suffix.
18.（      ）The word “internationalism” is made up of 4 morphemes.
20.（      ）In pragmatics, utterance meaning is concrete and context independent .
31. (      )  Modern linguistics is basically prescriptive because it aims to prescribe to language users the rules and norms of good and correct usage.
32. (      )  According to the conceptual view of meaning there is no direct link between a linguistic symbol and what it refers to.
33. (    ) The synchronic study of language refers to the study of language at certain point of time in history. 
34. (    ) Both manner of articulation and place of articulation can be applied in the classification of English vowels.
35. (    )  Linguistic changes occur in sound and lexical aspects, but not in syntax.
36.（  ）The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called pragmatics.
37.（    ）In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.　
38. (    ) Language change is universal, continuous and, to a large extent, regular and systematic.
39. (    ) The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.
40. (    ) Compounding is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.
31.（    ） Competence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.
32.（    ） Modern linguistics is basically prescriptive because it aims to prescribe to language users the rules and norms of good and correct usage.
33.（    ） Blending is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.
34.（    ） When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string, then the two words are called minimal pairs. Sip and zip are a minimal pair, as are fine and vine, and veal and leaf.
35.（    ） .Linguistic environment plays an important role in the first language learning.
36.（    ）    Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.

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