第三大题
Chapter?2
1. WhatwereQueenVictoria’smajorachievements?
QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmosteveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustrialization,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowthoftradeandcommerce.Duringherreign,Britaindevelopedintoanempireincludingaboutaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.
2. WhatwerethetwocampsinWorldWarⅠ?
InWorldⅠthetwocampsweretheCentralPowers-mainlyGermany,Austria-Hungary,TurkeyandtheAllies-mainlyFrance,GreatBritain,Russia,Italyandfrom1917,theUnitedStates.
3. WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡ?
BritaincooperatedcloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡsincetheywerealliedduringWorldWarⅡandsharedthesameconcernsabouttheSovietUnion.
Chapter?5
minimal
1. WhatusedtobethemajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolsinBritain?
Grammarschoolsweretotrainthemostacademicallycapablestudentsandpreparethemforuniversity,whereasvocationalschoolsweretohelpthelesssuccessfulstudentstolearnatrade.
2. WhatkindofsubjectsdoBritishcomprehensiveschoolsprovide?
Britishcomprehensiveschoolsprovideageneraleducation,offeringbothacademicsubjectslikeliteratureandscience,andmorepracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.
3. InwhatwaysdoBritishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedom?
Britishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedombecausetheycanappointtheirownstaff,decidewhichstudentstoadmit,providetheirowncoursesandawardtheirowndegrees.
4. WhatroledoesthemediaplayinBritishleisureculture?
ThemediaplaysanessentialroleinBritainleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic’sopinion,determinepeople’smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleofagovernment.
Chapter?10
1. What?are?the?two?characteristics?of?the?U.S.?constitution???
One?is?“checks?and?balances”,?the?other?is?that?the?power?of?the?federal?government?and?ofthe?state?governments?are?specifiedintheConstitution.??
2. What?are?the?qualifications?for?a?senator?and?a?representative?respectively???
A?senator?must?be?over?30?years?old,a?U.S.?citizen?for?at?least?nine?years,?and?a?resident?in?the?state?which?they?represent?.?A?representative?should?be?at?least?25?years?old?and?a?U.S.?citizen?for?no?less?than?seven?years.??
3. What?are?the?major?powers?of?the?supreme??court???
a) to?interpret?laws
b) ?to?hear?appeals?from?any?federal?court?cases;?
c) to?hear?appeals?from?state?court?cases?that?involve?the?constitution?or?national?laws??
d) maydeclare?a?law?unconstitutional??
e) ?may?declare?a?presidential?act?unconstitutional.??
4. What?is?the?difference?between?the?democrats?and?the?republicans?in?terms?of?political?opinions?
Generally?speaking,theDemocratsPartyhasaliberalideology,whiletheRepublicansPartyismoreconservative.The?democrats?want?the?government?to?play?an?important?role?in?the?economy?and?emphasize?full?employment?as?a?matter?of?national?concern??they?favor?civil?rights?laws?,?a?strong?social?security??system?which?gives?enterprises?a?greater?freedom?and?demand?that?the?government?control?inflation.?They?stress?the?need?for?law?and?order,?and?oppose?complete?government?social?programs?and?free?choice?of?abortion??they?also?favor?a??strong??military?posture?and?assertive?stand?in?international?relations.?
Chapter?11?
1. What?industry?developments?took?place?during?the?colonial?period?of?America??
During?the?colonial?period?,the?secondary?industries?developed?as?the?colonies?grew?.?a?variety?of?specialized?sawmills?and?gristmills?appeared.?Colonists?established?shipyards?to?build?fishing?fleets?and?trading?vessels?.?they?also?built?small?iron?forges?.?by?the?18th?century?,?regional?patterns?of?development?in?America?had?become?clear.??
2. How?did?the?civil?war?affect?the?American?economy???
After?the?civil?war?,?the?large?southern?cotton?plantations?became?much?less?profitable?.?northern?industries?,?which?had?expanded?rapidly?because?of?the?demands?of?the?war?,surged?ahead.??
3. Why?does?America?try?to?reduce?trade?barriers???
Because?the?united?states?has?increasingly?realized?that?open?bilateral?trade?will?n
ot?only?advance?its?own?economic?interests,?but?also?enhance?domestic?stability?and?its?peaceful?relationship?with?other?nations.?
Chapter?12??
1. How?does?an?American?university?choose?its?applicants???
a)their?high?school?records;?
b)?recommendations?from?their?high?school?teachers;?
c)?the?impression?they?make?during?interviews?at?the?university;
d)?their?scores?on?the?SAT.???
2. What?functions?do?American?higher?education?institutions?perform???
Higher?education?institutions?in?the?united?states?have?three?functions:?teaching?,?research?and?public?service?,?and?each?has?its?own?emphasis?with?regard?to?its?function?.??
3. What?similarities?do?four?famous?university?share???
They?all?have?a?long?history?,?they?all?have?an?excellent?faculty?,?a?large?number?of?students?and?have?made?extensive?academic?achievements.?Some?of?their?graduates?are?very?successful?or?influential?in?some?areas?such?as?politics,?arts?and?business.?
4. What?are?the?origins?of?thanksgiving?day???

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