西方田园诗与中国田园诗之比较
理论研究商品与质量2010年10月刊
西方田园诗与中国田园诗之比较
口王珊槐
(琼台师范高等专科学校外语系海南海口571127)
摘要：诗歌是人类文学史上重要的一葩，其中，田园诗起着举足轻重的作用.不论在西方还是在中国，他都远源流长.然而，因文化的差异，中西
方的田园诗也呈现不同的特点，本文将在这方面进行探讨，以加深对两种文化的理解和便以翻译的借鉴.
关键词：田园诗理想现实
Abstraction: Poetryisasignificantstyleofliteratureinhumanculturalhistory. Andthepastoralpoem,akindofpoetry,playsaveryimportantpartin
poetry.ItwasprevailingforalongperiodinneitherChinanorEuro—
peancountries.Whiledifferentsoilproducesdifferentfruits,such thinghappensinpastoralpoem.Wewilldiscussthedifferencebe-
tweenChina'spastoralpoemandwesterncountries'inthisthesis.
thymeKeywords:pastoralpoem,ideal,reality. ThecomparisonofwesternpastoralpoemandChina'spastoral
poem
IntrOducti0n: PastoralpoemisastylewesterncountriesandChinahaveincom—
mon.However,thereisdifferencebetweenwesternpastoralpoemand
China's.Andthisdifference.infactcomesfromthedifferencebe—tweenwesterncultureandChina'sculture.Soonlyjuststartwiththe
culture,wecanunderstandthesubstanceofthedifferenceofliterature
andstyle.Wealsostillexplorethedifferencebetweenwesternpastoral
poemandChinasthroughcomparingthem,inordertodeepenthe understandingofdifferentcultureandtobe
convenienttotranslate. Thedefinitionofwestempastoral: "Aminorbutimportantmodewhich,byconvention,isconcerned withthelivesofshepherds.Itisofgreatantiquityandinterpenetrates manyworksinClassicalandmodernEuropeanliterature.Itisdoubtful ifpastoraleverhadmuchtodowiththedailyworking=lifeofshep—herds,thoughitisnottoodifficulttofindshepherds(inMontenego, Albania,GreeceandSardina,forinstance)whocomposedpoetry,sing songsandwhileawaythehoursplayingtheflute.Forthemostpast pastoraltrendstobeanidealizationofshepherdlife,and,bysobeing, createsanimageofapeacefulanduncorruptedexistence.''
I.Thedifferentorigin
1.Westernpastoralpoemisonthebasisofidea1. WesternpastoralpoemwasformedinB.C.3century,thatis,ithas alonghistoryintheEuropeanliterature.Formthedefinitionweknow thepoetsusuallydescribedtheidealpastorallife,showingthenostal—giatothepastandsupposedexistenceofpeaceandlovewhichdisap—pearedinRenaissanceperiod.Taketh
efamousBritishplaywright, poet(ChristopherMarlowe)intheRenaissanceforexample,his(The PassionateShepherdtoHisLove)isonetypicalpastoralpoem: Come,livewithmeandbemylove, Andwewillallthepleasureprove
Thatvalleys,groves,orhills,orfield, Orwoodsandsteepmountainsyield;
100
WherewewilIsitupontherocks, Andseetheshepherdsfeedourflocks Byshallowriverstowhosefalls Melodiousbirdssingmadrigals,
Andthenathousandfragrantpoesies, Acapofflowersandakirtle Embroideredallwithleavesofmyrtle Agownmadeofthefinestwool Whichfromourprettylambswepull Slippersbucklesofthepurestgold. Abeltofstrawandivy—buds, Withcoralclaspsandamberstuds: Andifthesepleasuresmaytheemove,
Come,livewithme,andbemylove. Thysilverdishesforthymeat, Aspreciousasthegodsdoeat,
Shallonanivorytablebe Prepareseachdayfortheeandme Theshepherdswainsshalldanceandsing,
Forthydelight,eachmaymorning, Ifthesedelightsthymindmaymove,
Thenlivewithme,andbemylove.
Inthispoem.wecanseecolorfulroseswiththickdelicioussmel1. butitisuncomfortabletolieonthebedsofroseswiththoms.Itisab. surd.thatthebetoofstrawandivy.budsmadewithcoralclaspsand amberstuds,slipperslivedwithbucklesofgold,andtheshepherdgirls justalwaysfallinloveinsteadofdoinganything.Thepassionateshep—herdinthepoemisinfactnotrealpassionate.whilelooksIikearich guywhojustwantstomakebeautifulgirls.Infact,ChristopherMa? verlivedincountry,1etalone familiarwithcountrieswhenhesangofthecountrylire.
2.Chinaspastoralpoemisonthebasisofrealty.
China'spastoralpoemtracestoB.C.IIcentury.Onthecontrary,it isonthebasisofreality.Chinaisagreatagriculturecountry,thereap-
pearedalotofpoemsaboutagriculture.(WINDJUNE)isoneoftypi- calpastoralpoems
InJuneweeatplumsandwildgrapes;
InJulywecookmallowsandbeans.
InAugustweknockdownthedates;
InOctoberwetakeinthegrains.
Withthegrainswemakericewine;
Drinkingthewinegrantsuslonglife
InAugustwecutthehemps.
Wepickwildherdsandcutfirewood;
ThesethingsmakeOurlivelihood.
Inthispoem,plum,wildgrades,mallow,beans,ricewineandso onarecommoncropsincountry;andtheknowingsoclearaboutfar- mingworkmakesusshocking:suchasharvestplumsandwildgrapes
inJune,cookmallowsandbeansinJuly;takeinthegrainsinOctober
……
thesethingsmaketheirlivelihood.Itisundoubtedthattheauthor experiencesandfamiliarswiththefarmingworkevenmasterstherule
2010年10月刊商品与质量理论研究
改革开放决策出台的国际背景研究
口吴继锋
(中共朝阳市委党校党史党建教研部辽宁朝阳122000)
摘要：改革开放以来，中国共产党领导全国各族人民努力奋斗，促进了我国经济的飞速发展和社会的全面进步.为了更好地认识改革开放这一
决策出台的必要性，我们有必要回望历史，更好地认清当时的国际形势本文试图从和平与发展成为时代的主题，经济全球化初露端倪，中美关系
的改善等三个方面来加以阐述，更好地说明改革开放决策出台的国际背景.
关键词：改革开放决策出台国际背景
中国共产党第十一届中央委员会第三次全体会议于l978
年12月l8日至22日在北京举行，全会的中心议题是讨论把
全党的工作重点转移到社会主义现代化建设上来.全会经过认真讨论，做出了改革开放的重大决策，决定把全党的工作重心转移到经济建设上来.32年来，我国的经济建设和社会发展取得了巨大
成就，国家的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化.有道是"饮水思源"，我
们必须时刻铭记有功于这一决策的伟人，更需要回到三十二年前的世界，深入了解这一决策的国际背景，以帮助我们更好地理解, 继续深入贯彻改革开放这一基本国策.
第一，当时世界的时代主题由"战争与革命"转变为"和平与发展"，为我改革开放决策的出台提供了必要的国际条件.
西方殖民者从十六世纪后期开始大规模对外扩张，对广大的
亚非拉地区进行殖民征服，掠夺殖民地的宝贵自然资源和人力资源，进行残暴的殖民统治.有道是"哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗"，殖
民地人民自"豺狼"入侵那一刻起就展开了英勇的反抗斗争.到了二十世纪初，主要帝国主义国家为了争夺世界霸权进行了两场殊死搏斗，极大地削弱了自身力量，放松了对其殖民地的控制，为殖
民地争取独立的斗争提供了有力时机.这使得整个二十世纪中前期的时代主题是"战争与革命"，也就是西方国家为了瓜分殖民地和争夺世界霸权的战争与亚非拉国家的人民为了争取国家独立而进●…●●…●…●…●…●●●…●…●●●…●…●●一●一ofseasonstofarmingwork..Inthechaoticandunevensociety,many writersandstatesmenwhodidnotwanttostayinpoliticalfieldthen tumedtoenjoythecountryinsearchfortruesubstanceoflife.They workeddirectlyinthefield.Sotheirpoemsarethetrueexpressionof thecountryandtheirfeeling,thatis,thepoemsareonthebasisofre? alitybutthanidealasthesametowesternpastoralpoems.
II.Thedifierentfeatureofcontent.
1.Westernpastoralpoeminclinestobenostalgic: EuropeanpastoralpoemswereproducedundertheEuropeancul- turalbackground,TheancientGreeceandRomanresearchersthought

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。