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单选题
一、单项选择题
1、The classic semantic triangle suggested by Ogden and Richards is known as the____ approach to semantic study. （分数：1分）
A. naming
B. contextual
C. conceptualist
D. behaviorist
正确答案：C
2、In some sense the existence of taboo words stimulates the creation of______, serving as substitutes for the offensive language. （分数：1分）
A. euphemisms
B. taboo expressions
C. address terms
D. slang term
正确答案：A
3、When a word is employed as a medium of thinking by means of its conceptualizing system, we say it is used for _______ communication. （分数：1分）
A. . intrapersonal
B. interpersonal
C. individual
D. textual
正确答案：A
4、By the age of _____, children have completed the greater part of the language acquisition process. （分数：1分）
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
正确答案：C
5、_______ is the study of sound units that have distinctive value in human communication. （分数：1分）
A. A. Phonology
B. B. morphology
C. C. Lexicology
D. D. Phonetics
正确答案：A
6、The study of language as a whole is often called _______. （分数：1分）
A. particular words
B. general
C. ordinary
D. generative
正确答案：B
7、_______ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. （分数：1分）
A. Free
B. Bound
C. Root
D. Affix
正确答案：B
8、 The two clauses in a _____ sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence. （分数：1分）
A. simple
B. complete
C. complex
D. coordinate
正确答案：D
9、 What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a ____ system of grammatical knowledge. （分数：1分）
A. phrase
B. sentence
C. rule
D. symbol
正确答案：C
10、 Sense and reference are two related _______ different aspects of meaning. （分数：1分）
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. as well as
正确答案：A
11、The sentence "I like this shirt very much." has _____arguments. （分数：1分）
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
正确答案：B
12、 If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes _______. （分数：1分）
A. a sentence
B. an act
C. a unit
D. an utterance
正确答案：D
13、 Chinese is a major member of the ____ Family. （分数：1分）
A. Austronesian
B. Indo-European
C. Afroasiatic
D. Sino-Tibetan
正确答案：D
14、 ______ involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. （分数：1分）
A. Apocope
B. Epenthesis
C. Metathesis
D. Assimilation
正确答案：C
15、The goal of _____ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and different social situations. （分数：1分）
A. psycholinguistics
B. sociolinguistics
C. historical linguistics
D. general linguistics
正确答案：B
16、12. For_____, thinking was a system of movements that had been reduced from actual speech to the point where they were no longer visible. （分数：1分）
A. Watson
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Bloomfield
正确答案：D
17、The meaning of a word or phrase depends largely on the communicative _______. （分数：1分）
A. content
B. context
C. response
D. answer
正确答案：B
18、In general ,the two-word stage begins roughly in the ______ half of the child's second year. （分数：1分）
A. early
B. late
C. first
D. second
正确答案：D
19、_______ can be simply defined as the speech sounds which have distinctive value when speaking a language. （分数：1分）
A. Phones
B. Sounds
C. Phonemes
D. Speech sounds
正确答案：C
20、 _____ studies how sounds are put together to convey meaning in communication. （分数：1分）
A. Phonology
B. Morphology
C. Lexicology
D. Phonetics
正确答案：A
21、Stress in English is used to ______ semantically important words. （分数：1分）
A. signal
B. stand out
C. identify
D. single
正确答案：A
22、 _______ are those that cannot be usedindependently but have to be combines with other morphemes, either free or bound. （分数：1分）
A. Free morphemes
B. Bound morphemes
C. Morphemes
D. Derivatives
正确答案：B
23、______ represents the basis for the meaning of a sentence, although it is not supposed to provide the full meaning of a sentence. （分数：1分）
A. Surface structure
B. Phrase structure
C. Transformational structure
D. Deep structure
正确答案：D
24、If two lexical terms consist for the same components, they are _____. （分数：1分）
A. homonymous
B. synonymous
C. hyponymous
D. antonymous
正确答案：A
25、When asked by his teacher that he was laughing at, one student answered "nothing". It is common knowledge that one will not laugh at nothing, so it is false and violates the maxim of _____. （分数：1分）
A. quantity
B. relation
C. quality
D. manner
正确答案：C
26、_____ refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another. （分数：1分）
A. Sound assimilation
B. Internal borrowing
C. Elaboration
D. Rule simplification
正确答案：A
27、When a _____comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language, and children learn it as their first language, it because a Creole. （分数：1分）
A. lingua franca
B. contact language
C. local language
D. pidgin
正确答案：D
28、 _____ is the language center responsible for converting a visual stimulus into an auditory form and vice versa. （分数：1分）
A. Wernicke’s area
B. The angular gyrus
C. Broca’s area
D. All of the above
正确答案：B
29、The _____ approach was fonded on the belief that it was possible to predict what problems the SLA would face and the errors they would make by establishing the linguistic differences between the native and target language systems. （分数：1分）
A. error analysis
B. contrastive analysis
C. componentional analysis
D. istorical and comparative linguistics
正确答案：B
30、A compound word consists of_____. （分数：1分）
A. two words
B. two morphemes
C. two root morphemes
D. two or more morphemes
正确答案：C
31、Conventionally a ______is put in slashes. （分数：1分）
A. allophone
B. phone
C. phoneme
D. morpheme
正确答案：C
32、The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes refered to as_________. （分数：1分）
A. gottis
B. vocal cavity
C. pharynx
D. uvula
正确答案：A
33、A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called ____. （分数：1分）
A. minimal pairs
B. allomorphs
C. phones
D. allophones
正确答案：D
34、Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation? （分数：1分）
A. [n]
B. [m]
C. [b]
D. [p]
正确答案：A
35、What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? （分数：1分）
A. Voiceless
B. Voiced
C. Glottal stop
D. Consonant
正确答案：B
36、The word TB is formed in the way of _______. （分数：1分）
A. acronymy
B. clipping
C. initialism
D. blending
正确答案：C
37、All of them are meaningful except for ______. （分数：1分）
A. lexeme
B. phoneme
C. morpheme
D. allomorph
正确答案：B
38、Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _____. （分数：1分）
A. lexical words
B. grammatical words
C. function words
D. form words
正确答案：A
39、The head of the phrase "the city Rome" is ______. （分数：1分）
A. the city
B. Rome
C. city
D. the city and Rome
正确答案：D
40、_______ does not belong to major syntactic categories. （分数：1分）
A. Auxiliary
B. NP
C. N
D. PP
正确答案：A
41、The criterion used in IC analysis is ______. （分数：1分）
A. transformation
B. conjoining
C. grouping
D. substitutability
正确答案：D
42、In a complete sentence, the incorporated, or subordinate clause is normally called a(n) _____clause. （分数：1分）
A. finite
B. non-infinite
C. embedded
D. matrix
正确答案：C
43、Idioms are _____. （分数：1分）
A. sentences
B. naming units
C. phrases
D. communication units
正确答案：B
44、________describes whether a proposition is true or false. （分数：1分）
A. Truth
B. Truth value
C. Truth condition
D. Falsehood
正确答案：B
45、Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or ______which can not be determined by the context. （分数：1分）
A. homonymy
B. antonymy
C. meronymy
D. synonymy
正确答案：A
46、_______ proposed that speech act can fall into five general categories. （分数：1分）
A. Austin
B. Searle
C. Sapir
D. Chomsky
正确答案：B
47、Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most tapical of the ______. （分数：1分）
A. declarations
B. directives
C. commissives
D. expressives
正确答案：C
48、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called_______. （分数：1分）
A. semantics
B. pragmatics
C. sociolinguistics
D. psycholinguistics
正确答案：B
49、Romance languages include the following languages excep_______. （分数：1分）
A. Italian
B. French
C. English
D. Spanish
正确答案：C
50、The only major language that used a(n) ________ writing is Japanese. （分数：1分）
A. syllabic
B. logographic
C. ideogram
D. tone
正确答案：A

2、名词解释
1、Vowel
A vowel is a sound  in forming  which the air that comes from the lungs meets which no obstruction of any kind in the throat,the nose or the mouth.
2、Slang
It  refers  to casual, very  informal  speech , using expressive but informal words and expressions.
3、Suprasegmental  feature
The  phonemic  features  that  occur  above  the  level  of  the  segments  are
called  suprasegmental  features;  these  are  the  phonological  properties  of  such
units  as the  syllable, the  word,  and  the  sentence.  The  main  suprasegmental  ones  includes  stress,  intonation,  and  tone.
4、Suprasegmental  feature
The  phonemic  features  that  occur  above  the  level  of  the  segments  are  called  suprasegmental  features; these  are  the  phonological  properties  of  such  units  as  the  syllable, the  word, and  the  sentence.  the  main  suprasegmental  ones  includes  stress, intonation, and  tone.   
5、Move
It  is  a  general  movement  rule  accounting  for  the  syntactic  behavior  of  any  costituent  movement 
6、Back  clipping
It  means  one  or  more  are  deleted  form  the  end  of  the  word. It  is  the  most  common  type  of  clipping,  like  auto  from  automobile.
7、Speech  variety
It  is  a  term  sometimes  used  instead  of  language,  dialect,  sociolect,  pidgin , creole,  etc.  Because  it  is  concered  more  neutral  than  such  terms  It  may  also  be  used  for  different  varieties  if  one  language ,e.g.American  English,  Australian  English,  Indian  English.
8、Sense
Sense  is  concerned  with  the  inherent  meaning  of  the  linguistic  form. It  is  the  collection  of  all  the  features  of  the  linguistic  form;  it  is  abstract  and  de-contextualized.  It  is  the  aspect  of  meaning  dictionary  compilers  are  interested  in.
9、Predication  analysis
It  is  to  break  down  the  sentence  into  their  smaller  constituents:argument  and  predicate.  The  predicate  is  the  major  or  pivotal  element  governing  the  argument. The  argument  is  the  logical  participant.
10、Ethnic  dialect
It  is  a  social  dialect  of  a  language,  often  cutting  across  regional  difference. It  is  spoken  mainly  by  a  less  privileged  population  that  has  experienced  some  form  of  social  isolation,  such  as  racial  discrimination  or  segregation.
11、Pitch
Pitch  is  a  suprasegmental  feature,  whose  domain  of  application  is  the  syllable. Different  rates  of  vibration  produce  what  is  known  as  different  frequencies,  and  in  auditory  terms  as  different  pitches. Pitch  variations  may  be  dinstinctive  like  phoneme,  that  is, when  they  may  contribute  to  distinguish  between  different  words.  In  this  function,  pitch  variations  are  called  tones.
12、Diachronic  linguistics
It  is  a  study  of  a  language  through  the  course  of  its  history；therfore,  it  is  also  called  historcial  linguistics.
13、Illocutionary  act
It  is  using  a  sentence  to  perform  a  function.  For  example, shoot  the  snake  may  be  intended  as  an  order  or  a  piece  of  advice.
14、Semantic  shift
It  means  that  the  meaning  of  a  word  takes  a  departure  from  its  original  domain  as  a  result  of  its  metaphorical  usage.  For  example,  the  meaning  of  teeth  has  a  semantic  shift  when  it is  used  in  the  phrase the  teeth  of  a  comb.
15、Epenthesis
It  is  a  process  in  which  a  vowel  or  consonant  may  be  inserted  to  the  middle  of  a  word.  For  example,  by  insertion  of,  Old  english  word  glims changed  into  glimpse.

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