细胞信号通路详解之MAPK信号通路
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is a group of serine/threonine kinases that mediate intracellular signaling. The MAPK pathways are activated by diverse extracellular and intracellular stimuli including peptide growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and various cellular stressors such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These signaling pathways regulate a variety of cellular activities including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death.
促分裂原活化蛋⽩激酶（MAPK）家族是介导细胞内信号传导的⼀组丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶。MAPK通路被不同的细胞外和细胞内刺激激活，包括肽⽣长因⼦，细胞因⼦，激素和各种细胞应激物，如氧化应激和内质⽹应激。这些信号通路调节各种细胞活动，包括增殖，分化，存活和死亡。
Six subfamilies of MAPKs have been extensively characterized in mammalian cells: ERK1/2, JNKs, ERK 3, p38s, ERK5 and ERK 7/8. Transmission of signals is normally achieved by sequential phosphorylation and activation of the components specific to a respective cascade. All MAPK cascades comprise several molecular intermediaries at sequential level, which become activated in response to a broad panel of intra- and extra-cellular stimuli. They are typically organized in a three-kinase architecture consisting of a MAPK, a MAPK activator (MEK, MKK, or MAPK kinase), and a MEK activator [MEK kinase (MEKK)].
六个MAPKs亚家族已经在哺乳动物细胞中⼴泛表征了：ERK1 / 2，JNKs，ERK3，p38s，ERK5和ERK7 / 8。信号的传输通常通过顺序磷酸化和特定于相应级联的组件的激活来实现。所有的MAPK级联都包含多个连续⽔平的分⼦中间体，它们响应于⼴泛的细胞内和细胞外刺激⽽被激活。它们通常以由MAPK，MAPK激活剂（MEK，MKK或MAPK激酶）和MEK激活剂[MEK激酶（MEKK）]组成的三激酶结构组织。
Deviation from the strict control of MAPK signaling pathways has been implicated in the development of many human diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and various types of cancers. Persistent activation of the JNK or p38 signaling pathways has been suggested to mediate neuronal apoptosis in AD, PD, and ALS; whereas the ERK signaling pathway plays a key role in several steps of tumorigenesis including cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
MAPK信号传导途径出现异常已被证明与许多⼈类疾病相关，包括阿尔茨海默病（AD），帕⾦森病（PD），肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）和各种类型的癌症。如持续激活JNK或p38信号通路已被证明在AD，PD和ALS中发挥介导神经元细胞凋亡的作⽤; ⽽ERK信号通路在包括癌细胞增殖，迁移和侵袭的肿瘤发⽣的⼏个步骤中起关键作⽤。
Helping your research
proliferation
Biorbyt has an extensive range of small molecules available as research reagents to target proteins in the MAPK pathways. We provide the best service and a simple buying process allowing you to focus on your valuable research. Take a look at our product pages where you will find competitive pricing, lead times, and easy delivery options. If you have any questions, just ask us.
Biorbyt拥有⼴泛的⼩分⼦，可⽤作研究试剂以靶向MAPK途径中的蛋⽩质。我们提供最好的服务和简单的购买流程，让您专注于您的宝贵研究。请查看我们的产品页⾯，您可以到具有竞争⼒的价格，交货期和易于交付的选项。如果您在产品咨询、购买和售后有任何问题，请随时。
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