数学专用词汇英文表示 2007/06/07 21:15
A
Abelian group:阿贝尔;absolute geometry:绝对几何;absolute value:绝对值;abstract algebra:抽象代数;addition:加法;algebra:代数;algebraic closure:代数闭包;algebraic geometry:代数几何;algebraic geometry and analytic geometry:代数几何和解析几何;algebraic numbers:代数数;algorithm:算法;almost all:绝大多数;analytic function:解析函数;analytic geometry:解析几何;and:且;angle:角度;anticommutative:反交换律;antisymmetric relation:反对称关系;antisymmetry:反对称性;approximately equal:约等于;Archimedean field:阿基米德域;Archimedean group:阿基米德;area:面积;arithmetic:算术;associative algebra:结合代数;associativity:结合律;axiom:公理;axiom of constructibility:可构造公理;axiom of empty set:空集公理;axiom of extensionality:外延公理;axiom of foundation:正则公理;axiom of pairing:对集公理;axiom of regularity:正则公理;axiom of replacement:代换公理;axiom of union:并集公理;axiom schema of separation:分离公理;axiom schema of specification:分离公理;axiomatic set theory:公理集合论;axiomatic system:公理系统;
B
Baire space:贝利空间;basis:基;Bézout's identity:贝祖恒等式;Bernoulli's inequality:伯努利不等式;big O notation:大O符号;bilinear operator:双线性算子;binary operation:二元运算;binary predicate:二元谓词;binary relation:二元关系;boolean algebra:布尔代数;boolean logic:布尔逻辑;boolean ring:布尔环;boundary:边界;boundary point:边界点;bounded lattice:有界格;
C
calculus:微积分学;Cantor's diagonal argument:康托尔对角线方法;cardinal number:基数;cardinality:势;cardinality of the continuum:连续统的势;cartesian coordinate system:直角坐标系;Cartesian product:笛卡尔积;category:范畴;Cauchy sequence:柯西序列;Cauchy-Schwarz inequality:柯西不等式;Ceva's Theorem:塞瓦定理;characteristic:特征;characteristic polynomial:特征多项式;circle:圆;class:类;closed:闭集;closure:封闭性或闭包;closure algebra:闭包代数;combinatorial identities:组合恒等式;commutative group:交换;commutative ring:交换环;commutativity:交换律;compact:紧致的;compact set:紧致集合;compact space:紧致空间;complement:补集或补运算;complete lattice:完备格;complete metric space:完备的度量空间;complete space:完备空间;complex manifold:复流形;complex plane:复平面;congruence:同余;congruent:全等;connected space:连通空间;constructible
universe:可构造全集;constructions of the real numbers:实数的构造;continued fraction:连分数;continuous:连续;continuum hypothesis:连续统假设;contractible space:可缩空间;convergence space:收敛空间;cosine:余弦;countable:可数;countable set:可数集;cross product:叉积;cycle space:圈空间;cyclic group:循环;
D
De Morgan's laws:德·摩根律;dedekind completion:戴德金完备性;Dedekind cut:戴德金分割;del:微分算子;dense:稠密;densely ordered:稠密排列;derivative:导数;determinant:行列式;diffeomorphism:可微同构;difference:差;differentiable manifold:可微流形;differential calculus:微分学;dimension:维数;directed graph:有向图;discrete space:离散空间;discriminant:判别式;distance:距离;distributivity:分配律;dividend:被除数;dividing:除;divisibility:整除;division:除法;divisor:除数;dot product:点积;
E
eigenvalue:特征值;eigenvector:特征向量;element:元素;elementary algebra:初等代数;empty function:空函数;empty set:空集;empty product:空积;equal:等于;equality:等式或等于;equation:方程;equivalence relation:等价关系;Euclidean geometry:欧几里德几何;Eucl
idean metric:欧几里德度量;Euclidean space:欧几里德空间;Euler's identity:欧拉恒等式;even number:偶数;event:事件;existential quantifier:存在量词;exponential function:指数函数;exponential identities:指数恒等式;expression:表达式;extended real number line:扩展的实数轴;
F
false:假;field:域;finite:有限;finite field:有限域;finite set:有限集合;first-countable space:第一可数空间;first order logic:一阶逻辑;foundations of mathematics:数学基础;function:函数;functional analysis:泛函分析;functional predicate:函数谓词;fundamental theorem of algebra:代数基本定理;fraction:分数;
G
gauge space:规格空间;general linear group:一般线性;geometry:几何学;gradient:梯度;graph:图;graph of a relation:关系图;graph theory:图论;greatest element:最大元;group:;group homomorphism:同态;
identity matrix是什么意思H
Hausdorff space:豪斯多夫空间;hereditarily finite set:遗传有限集合;Heron's formula:海伦公式;Hilbert space:希尔伯特空间;Hilbert's axioms:希尔伯特公理系统;Hodge decomposition:霍奇分解;Hodge Laplacian:霍奇拉普拉斯算子;homeomorphism:同胚;horizontal:水平;hyperbolic function identities:双曲线函数恒等式;hypergeometric function identities:超几何函数恒等式;hyperreal number:超实数;
I
identical:同一的;identity:恒等式;identity element:单位元;identity matrix:单位矩阵;idempotent:幂等;if:若;if and only if:当且仅当;iff:当且仅当;imaginary number:虚数;inclusion:包含;index set:索引集合;indiscrete space:非离散空间;inequality:不等式或不等;inequality of arithmetic and geometric means:平均数不等式;infimum:下确界;infinite series:无穷级数;infinite:无穷大;
infinitesimal:无穷小;infinity:无穷大;initial object:初始对象;inner angle:内角;inner product:内积;inner product space:内积空间;integer:整数;integer sequence:整数列;integral:积分;integral domain:整数环;interior:内部;interior algebra:内部代数;interior point:内点;intersection:交集;inverse element:逆元;invertible matrix:可逆矩阵;interval:区间;involution:回旋;irrational number:无理数;isolated point:孤点;isomorphism:同构;
J
Jacobi identity:雅可比恒等式;join:并运算;
K
格式:Kuratowski closure axioms:Kuratowski 闭包公理;
L
least element:最小元;Lebesgue measure:勒贝格测度;Leibniz's law:莱布尼茨律;Lie algebra:李代数;Lie group:李;limit:极限;limit point:极限点;line:线;line segment:线段;linear:线性;linear algebra:线性代数;linear operator:线性算子;linear space:线性空间;linear transformation:线性变换;linearity:线性性;list of inequalities:不等式列表;list of linear algebra topics:线性代数相关条目;locally compact space:局部紧致空间;logarithmic identities:对数恒等式;logic:逻辑学;logical positivism:逻辑实证主义;law of cosines:余弦定理;Lowenheim-Skolem theorem:Lowenheim-Skolem 定理;lower limit topology:下限拓扑;
M
magnitude:量;manifold:流形;map:映射;mathematical symbols:数学符号;mathematical analysis:数学分析;mathematical proof:数学证明;mathematics:数学;matrix:矩阵;matrix multiplication:矩阵乘法;meaning:语义;measure:测度;meet:交运算;member:元素;metamathematics:元数学;metric:度量;metric space:度量空间;model:模型;model theory:模型论;modular arithmetic:模运算;module:模;monotonic function:单调函数;multilinear algebra:多重线性代数;multiplication:乘法;multiset:多样集;
N
naive set theory:朴素集合论;natural logarithm:自然对数;natural number:自然数;natural science:自然科学;negative number:负数;neighbourhood:邻域;new Foundations:新基础理论;nine point circle:九点圆;non-Euclidean geometry:非欧几里德几何;nonlinearity:非线性;non-singular matrix:非奇异矩阵;nonstandard model:非标准模型;nonstandard analysis:非标准分析;norm:范数;normed vector space:赋范向量空间;n-tuple:n 元组或多元组;nullary:空;nullary intersection:空交集;number:数;number line:数轴;
O
object:对象;octonion:八元数;one-to-one correspondence:一一对应;open:开集;open ball:
开球;operation:运算;operator:算子;or:或;order topology:序拓扑;ordered field:有序域;ordered pair:有序对;ordered set:偏序集;ordinal number:序数;ordinary mathematics:一般数学;origin:原点;orthogonal matrix:正交矩阵;
P
p-adic number:p进数;paracompact space:仿紧致空间;parallel postulate:平行公理;parallelepiped:平行六面体;parallelogram:平行四边形;partial order:偏序关系;partition:分割;peano arithmetic:皮亚诺公理;pedoe's inequality:佩多不等式;perpendicular:垂直;philosopher:哲学家;philosophy:哲学;philosophy journals:哲学类杂志;plane:平面;plural quantification:复数量化;point:点;point-Line-Plane postulate:点线面假设;polar coordinates:极坐标系;polynomial:多项式;polynomial sequence:多项式列;positive-definite matrix:正定矩阵;positive-semidefinite matrix:半正定矩阵;power set:幂集;predicate:谓词;predicate logic:谓词逻辑;preorder:预序关系;prime number:素数;product:积;proof:证明;proper class:纯类;proper subset:真子集;property:性质;proposition:命题;pseudovector:伪向量;Pythagorean theorem:勾股定理;
Q
Q.E.D.:Q.E.D.;quaternion:四元数;quaternions and spatial rotation:四元数与空间旋转;question:疑问句;quotient field:商域;quotient set:商集;
R
radius:半径;ratio:比;rational number:有理数;real analysis:实分析;real closed field:实闭域;real line:实数轴;real number:实数;real number line:实数线;reflexive relation:自反关系;reflexivity:自反性;reification:具体化;relation:关系;relative complement:相对补集;relatively complemented lattice:相对补格;right angle:直角;right-handed rule:右手定则;ring:环;
S
scalar:标量;second-countable space:第二可数空间;self-adjoint operator:自伴随算子;sentence:判断;separable space:可分空间;sequence:数列或序列;sequence space:序列空间;series:级数;sesquilinear function:半双线性函数;set:集合;set-theoretic definition of natural numbers:自然数的集合论定义;set theory:集合论;several complex variables:一些复变量;shape:几何形状;sign function:符号函数;singleton:单元素集合;social science:社会科学;solid geometry:立体几何;space:空间;spherical coordinates:球坐标系;square matrix:
方块矩阵;square root:平方根;strict:严格;structural recursion:结构递归;subset:子集;subsequence:子序列;subspace:子空间;subspace topology:子空间拓扑;subtraction:减法;sum:和;summation:求和;supremum:上确界;surreal number:超实数;symmetric difference:对称差;symmetric relation:对称关系;system of linear equations:线性方程组;
T
tensor:张量;terminal object:终结对象;the algebra of sets:集合代数;theorem:定理;top element:最大元;topological field:拓扑域;topological manifold:拓扑流形;topological space:拓扑空间;topology:拓扑或拓扑学;total order:全序关系;totally disconnected:完全不连贯;totally ordered set:全序集;transcendental number:超越数;transfinite recursion:超限归纳法;transitivity:传递性;transitive relation:传递关系;transpose:转置;triangle inequality:三角不等式;trigonometric identities:三角恒等式;triple product:三重积;trivial topology:密着拓扑;true:真;truth value:真值;
U
unary operation:一元运算;uncountable:不可数;uniform space:一致空间;union:并集;unique:唯一;unit interval:单位区间;unit step function:单位阶跃函数;unit vector:单位向量;
universal quantification:全称量词;universal set:全集;upper bound:上界;
V
vacuously true:空虚的真;Vandermonde's identity:Vandermonde 恒等式;variable:变量;vector:向量;vector calculus:向量分析;vector space:向量空间;Venn diagram:文氏图;volume:体积;V on Neumann ordinal:冯·诺伊曼序数;V on Neumann universe:冯·诺伊曼全集;vulgar fraction:分数;
Z
Zermelo set theory:策梅罗集合论;Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory:策梅罗-弗兰克尔集合论;ZF set theory:ZF 系统;zero:零;zero object:零对象;

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