DIRECTIVES
COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2012/46/EU
documents安卓版破解版of 6 December 2012
amending Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation
of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile
machinery
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission o
f gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery ( 1 ), and in particular Article 14 thereof,
Whereas:
(1) Directive 2004/26/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 21 April 2004 amending Directive
97/68/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery ( 2 ) introduced new emission Stages IIIA, IIIB and IV to Directive 97/68/EC, in order to increase environmental protection and preserve human health. The test methods have been amended accordingly, first by Directive 2004/26/EC and later by Commission Directive 2010/26/EU of 31 March 2010 amending Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road
mobile machinery ( 3 ).
(2)
The Stage IV limit values will become mandatory for type approvals issued as of 1 January 2013 for engines of category Q and as of 1 October 2013 for engines of category R. Based on the experience gained with heavy duty euro V and VI engines under Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC ( 4 ), certain gaps have been identified in the test requirements for Stage IV engines. In order to enable type approval of Stage IV engines of categories Q and R, taking into account technical progress, and in order to increase global harmonisation, it is necessary to revise and complement certain provisions of Directive 97/68/EC. It is also necessary in order to reduce the margin of interpretation of test results and to limit the errors in the appreciation of engine emissions.
(3) Directive
2010/26/EU introduced provisions on NO  x  control which are necessary to ensure that the sophis ­
ticated after treatment systems, required in order to meet the new emission limits for Stage IIIB and IV engines, function properly. In particular, to avoid that operators circumvent compliance with emission limits, it is appro ­priate to complement the provisions on NO  x  control by introducing an operator warning system based on the corresponding provisions of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 for heavy duty vehicles (euro VI), combined with a two-stage inducement system which reduces significantly the equipment’s performance thus enforcing compliance.
(4) With
the introduction of electronically controlled engines it is necessary to adapt the test procedure in order to ensure that engine tests better reflect real use conditions, further preventing circumvention of emission requirements (cycle beating). Therefore, during type approval, compliance should be demonstrated at a working area of the tested engine which has been selected on the basis of the ISO 8178 standard. It is also necessary to specify the engine operating conditions under which those tests are carried out and to modify the calculation methods for specific emissions in order to correspond to those required for heavy duty vehicles (euro VI) and to align them with the provisions of the major trading partners of the Union.
( 1 ) OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1. ( 2 ) OJ L 146, 30.4.2004, p. 1. ( 3 ) OJ L 86, 1.4.2010, p. 29.
( 4 ) OJ L 188, 18.7.2009, p. 1.
(5) Directive 97/68/EC requires the manufacturer to specify
the engine emission performance under specific ambient
control conditions relating to altitude or pressure and temperature. In order to better reflect the real use of engines, it is appropriate to extend the temperature/ pressure and altitude criteria by aligning the provisions more closely with the requirements for heavy duty euro VI engines.
(6) The
durability requirements should also be revised in order to guarantee the efficiency of the emission
reduction once the engine is in operation. Due to the technological changes associated with Stage IV engines and their respective after treatment system, the durability provisions laid down in Directive 97/68/EC are not appropriate for those engines, and therefore provisions based on those of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 regarding heavy duty euro VI engines should be inte ­grated in Directive 97/68/EC.
(7) A
globally harmonised test procedure for Stage IV engines has been adopted at the level of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE Regulation No 96.03 series of amendments). It is appro ­priate to provide that that procedure also applies to the testing of those engines in the Union.
(8) Directive
97/68/EC provides that approvals issued under other specific Union or UNECE legislation are equivalent to type approvals issued under that Directive. The references to the legal acts considered as equivalent should be adapted to current versions in force. With regard to heavy duty euro VI engines it is necessary to specify that the equivalency can only be met if certain additional inducement requirements are respected.
(9) The reporting of carbon dioxide (CO  2
) emissions provides further indication about the performance of
an engine. Reporting of CO  2 emissions on the engine test cycles is part of the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 for heavy duty vehicles (euro VI and Envi ­ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) 40CFR Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards). It is therefore appropriate to introduce such provisions also in Directive 97/68/EC.
(10) Directive 97/68/EC does not contain specific
requirements for crankcase emissions, which are secondary engine emissions. In order to avoid interpre ­tation problems, it is necessary to clarify how crankcase emissions are taken into account in judging whether the emission test is passed or not. Those provisions should be aligned with Heavy Duty euro VI and US Tier 4 provisions (EPA 40CFR part 1039).
(11) Directive
97/68/EC specifies that engines are categorised in different engine power ranges due to the net engine power and thus emission limit requirements. With new electronically controlled engines, the maximal engine power could be different from the rated engine power. In order to ensure that the emission requirements are met, the engine power to be considered should be the maximum engine power.
(12) The
information documents laid down in Directive 97/68/EC should be updated to reflect technical
progress and the changes introduced. The new documents should allow a complete reporting.
(13) Directive 97/68/EC should therefore be amended accord ­
ingly. (14) In accordance with the Joint Political Declaration of
Member States and the Commission on explanatory documents of 28 September 2011, Member States have undertaken to accompany, in justified cases, the notifi ­cation of their transposition measures with one or more documents explaining the relationship between the components of a directive and the corresponding parts of national transposition instruments.
(15) The measures provided for in this Directive are in
accordance with the opinion of the Technical
Committee of Motor Vehicles competent under Article 15 of Directive 97/68/EC,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
Amendments to Directive 97/68/EC
Directive 97/68/EC is amended as follows:
(1) Annex I is amended in accordance with Annex I to this
Directive; (2) Annex II is amended in accordance with Annex II to this
Directive; (3) Annex III is amended in accordance with Annex III to this
Directive; (4) Annex VI is amended in accordance with Annex IV to this
Directive; (5) Annex VII is amended in accordance with Annex V to this
Directive; (6) Annex XI is replaced by the text set out in Annex VI to this
Directive; (7) Annex XII is replaced by the text set out in Annex VII to
this Directive.
Article 2 Transposition
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the Directive by 21 December 2013 at the latest. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those provisions.
When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 4
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels, 6 December 2012.
For the Commission
The President
José Manuel BARROSO
Annex I to Directive 97/68/EC is amended as follows:
(1) the following Sections 3.2.3 and 3.2.4 are added:
‘3.2.3. The parenthesised number of the emissions stage, in roman numerals, which shall be prominently visible and located near to the type approval number.
3.2.
4. The parenthesised letters SV which are referring to small volume engine manufacturer and which shall be
prominently visible and located near to the type approval number on each engine placed on the market under
the small volume derogation set out in Article 10(4).’;
(2) Section 8.3.2.2 is replaced by the following:
‘8.3.2.2. The control conditions applicable for Stage IIIB and Stage IV are the following:
(a) Control conditions for Stage III B engines:
(i) an altitude not exceeding 1 000 metres (or equivalent atmospheric pressure of 90 kPa);
(ii) an ambient temperature within the range 275 K to 303 K (2 °C to 30 °C);
(iii) the engine coolant temperature above 343 K (70 °C).
Where the auxiliary emission control strategy is activated when the engine is operating within the
control conditions set out in points (i), (ii) and (iii), the strategy shall only be activated exceptionally.
(b) Control conditions for Stage IV engines:
(i) the atmospheric pressure greater than or equal to 82,5 kPa;
(ii) the ambient temperature within the following range:
— equal to or above 266 K (– 7 °C),
—
less than or equal to the temperature determined by the following equation at the specified atmospheric pressure: T c= – 0,4514 · (101,3 – p b) + 311, where: T c is the calculated ambient air
temperature, K and P b is the atmospheric pressure, kPa;
(iii) the engine coolant temperature above 343 K (70 °C).
Where the auxiliary emission control strategy is activated when the engine is operating within the
control conditions set out in points (i), (ii) and (iii), the strategy shall only be activated when demon­
strated to be necessary for the purposes identified in Section 8.3.2.3. and approved by the Type
Approval authority.
(c) Cold temperature operation
By derogation from the requirements of point (b), an auxiliary emission control strategy may be used on
a Stage IV engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) when the ambient temperature is bel
ow
275 K (2 °C) and if one of the two following criteria is met:
(i) intake manifold temperature is less than or equal to the temperature defined by the following
equation: IMT c=P IM/15,75 + 304,4, where: IMT c is the calculated intake manifold temperature,
K and P IM is the absolute intake manifold pressure in kPa;
(ii) engine coolant temperature is less than or equal to the temperature defined by the following equation: ECT c=P IM/14,004 + 325,8, where: ECT c is the calculated engine coolant temperature,
K and P IM is the absolute intake manifold pressure, kPa.’;
(3) in Section 8.3.2.3, point (b) is replaced by the following:
‘(b) for operational safety reasons;’;
(4) the title of Section 8.4 is replaced by the following:
‘Requirements on NO x control measures for Stage IIIB engines’;
(5) the following Sections 8.5, 8.6 and 8.7 are added:
on
NO x control measures for Stage IV engines
‘8.5. Requirements
the
describes
functional
operational
of
characteristics
fully
manufacturer
8.5.1. The
that
shall
provide
information
the NO x control measures using the documents set out in Section 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex II and in
Section 2 of Appendix 3 to Annex II.
8.5.2. The engine emission control strategy shall be operational under all environmental conditions regularly
pertaining in the territory of the Union, especially at low ambient temperatures. This requirement is not
restricted to the conditions under which a base emission control strategy must be used as specified in
Section 8.3.2.2.
8.5.3. When a reagent is used, the manufacturer shall demonstrate that the emission of ammonia over the hot
NRTC or NRSC at the type approval procedure does not exceed a mean value of 10 ppm.
8.5.4. If reagent containers are installed on or connected to a non-road mobile machine, means for taking a
sample of the reagent inside the containers must be included. The sampling point must be easily accessible
without requiring the use of any specialised tool or device.
with
Article
in accordance
4(3), upon the following:
8.5.5. The
type
be made conditional,
approval
shall
(a) providing to each operator of non-road mobile machinery written maintenance instructions;
(b) providing to the OEM installation documents for the engine, inclusive of the emission control system
that is part of the approved engine type;
(c) providing to the OEM instructions for an operator warning system, an inducement system and (where
applicable) reagent freeze protection;
(d) the application of provisions on operator instruction, installation documents, operator warning system,
inducement system and reagent freeze protection that are set out in Appendix 1 to this Annex.
IV
stage
8.6. Control
area
for
In accordance with paragraph 4.1.2.7 of this Annex, for stage IV engines the emissions sampled within the
control area defined in Annex I Appendix 2 shall not exceed by more than 100 % the limit values of the
emissions in table 4.1.2.6 of this Annex.
8.6.1. Demonstration requirements
The technical service shall select up to three random load and speed points within the control area for
testing. The technical service shall also determine a random running order of the test points. The test shall
be run in accordance with the principal requirements of the NRSC, but each test point shall be evaluated
separately. Each test point shall meet the limit values defined in Section 8.6.
requirements
8.6.2. Test
The test shall be carried out immediately after the discrete mode test cycles as described in Annex III.
However, where the manufacturer, pursuant to point 1.2.1 of Annex III, chooses to use the procedure o
f
Annex 4B to UNECE Regulation No 96.03 series of amendments the test shall be carried out as follows:
(a) the test shall be carried out immediately after the discrete mode test cycles as described in points (a) to
(e) of paragraph 7.8.1.2 of Annex 4B to UNECE Regulation No 96.03 series of amendments but before
the post test procedures (f) or after the Ramped Modal Cycle (RMC) test in points (a) to (d) of paragraph
7.8.2.2 of Annex 4B to UNECE Regulation No 96.03 series of amendments but before the post test
procedures (e) as relevant;
(b) the tests shall be carried out as required in points (b) to (e) of paragraph 7.8.1.2 of Annex 4B to UNECE
Regulation No 96.03 series of amendments using the multiple filter method (one filter for each test
point) for each of the three chosen test points;
(c) a specific emission value shall be calculated (in g/kWh) for each test point;
(d) emissions values may be calculated on a molar basis using Appendix A.7 or on a mass basis using
Appendix A.8, but should be consistent with the method used for the discrete mode or RMC test;
(e) for gaseous summation calculations the N mode shall be set to 1 and a weighting factor of 1 shall be
used;
(f) for particulate calculations use the multiple filter method and for summation calculations N mode shall be
set to 1 and a weighting factor of 1 shall be used.
for
stage
IV
engines
Gases
Crankcase
Emissions
8.7. Verifying
of
atmosphere,
ambient
with
exception
given
the
the
discharged
crankcase
8.7.1. No
emissions
shall
directly
be
into
in paragraph 8.7.3.

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