动词后加-ing的规则
1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughingclimb—climbingstand—standingfight—fighting
2.以-e结尾的动词
1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing
write—writinghope—hopingcare—caringstare—staringhave—havingsave—saving produce—producing breathe—breathing
2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing
die—dyingtie—tyingvie—vyinglie—lying
3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e
see—seeingflee—fleeingfree—freeingagree—agreeinghoe—hoeing dye—dyeingeye—eyeing
4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing
sue—suingimbue—imbuingconstrue—construingpursue—pursuing
rue—ruing
有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:
glue—gluing glueingcue—cuing cueing blue—blueing bluing
true—truingtrueingclue—clueingcluing
3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词
1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:
run—running stop—stopping hop—hopping plan—planningstar—starring control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):
tax—taxingrelax—relaxing
2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:
kidnap—kidnappingkidnapingprogram—programmingprograming
3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:
open—openingoffer—offeringaudit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:
worship—worshiping worshippingfocus—focusing focussingcancel—cancelingcancellingtravel—travelingtravelling
以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1
4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(yw)结尾,可直接加-ing
pay—paying throw—throwingfollow—following draw—drawing employ—employing
5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing
frolic—frolickingpanic—panickingmimic—mimickingpicnic—picnickingtraffic—trafficking
这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母 c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/
其实,保持发音不变是英语中的一条一般规则。再如,在-ing前面无论是增加、保留还是去掉一个字母,都倾向于保留原先的长元音或短元音的发音:
hopinghopping staringstarring playingplanning
动词的 -ing形式的作用
作主语
  动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加 -ing构成,可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
        Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
    Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。
        It‘s nice talking with you.和你谈话很高兴。
        It‘s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。
        There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。
作表语
  动词 -ing可用来作表语。如:
        This food smells inviting.
        My favorite sport is swimming.
        Their job is cleaning the window.
作宾语
  1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。
        I warned her against driving fast.
        Jim dislikes eating chocolate.
  2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词,常见的这类动词有:admit acknowledge advise appreciate avoid delay deny dislike enjoy excuse escapefancy finish forgive face endure involve give up imagine mention mind miss pardonpractice require resent resist suggest recall resist understand等。
        The doctor advised taking more exercise.
        I suggest doing it in a different way.
  3.大部分动词+介词短语动词,只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有:think of give up aim at put off insist on persist in be good at do well in can‘t help keep on leave off feel like be tired afraid capable fond of set about等。
  以下为to作介词的短语有:be used to object to devote oneself to stick to respond to look forward to see to submit to adapt to apply to accede to get to prefer to adjust to owe to
        Do you feel like having a drink
        I prefer swimming to playing basketball.
  4.有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语,也可以带to不定式作宾语,但在语义上却有很大的差别。如
  chance to do 碰巧去做某事      go on to do 接着又做另一件事
    chance doing 冒险试一试做某事    go on doing 继续做同一件事
  forget to do 忘记要去做某事    remember to do 记得要去做某事
    forget doing 忘记曾做过某事      remember doing 记得曾做过某事
  stop to do 停下来去做某事      try to do 努力做某事
    stop doing 停止做某事            try doing 试一试做某事
  regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾 mean to do 打算/想做某事
    regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾    mean doing 意味着/意思是做某事
作宾语补语
      I found the parade quite interesting to watch.
  这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中,后接宾语然后加上-ing分词,构成复合宾语结构,-ing分词充当宾补成分。
  1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如:see hear feel find smell watch find listen to look at notice observe等。如:
        There we found him watching TV.
        I heard someone knocking at the door.
  2.在有些动词(如:regard describe accept think of quote等)之后,可由as引出-ing分词词组作宾补。如:
        They regarded the contract as being invalid. 他们认为合同无效。
        They described the child as being very clever. 他们描述这孩子非常聪明。
  3.使役动词,如:set keep have get leave catch等。如:
        Can you get my watch going again?你能使我的表再走起来吗?
        This sets me thinking. 这使我思考。
作状语
  -ing分词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
  Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden.(时间)
  Coming into the room she saw everybody already at their work.(时间)
  Being ill he couldn’t go to school.(原因)
  Working diligently you will certainly succeed.(条件)
  Granting the achievements to be great there is still something to be desired.(让步)
  (尽管)成绩是巨大的,(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。
  My car was caught in a traffic jam thus causing the delay.(结果)
  Traveling by train we visited a number of cities.(方式)
  Mary sat by the window of the classroom reading a book.(伴随)
作定语
        a smiling face 笑脸
        a leading figure 领导人物
  -ing分词还能构成合成词作定语,如:easy-going man 好说话的人
  当分词短语做后置定语时,可以转换成定语从句。
        She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.
        = She went on board the trainwhich was leaving for Shanghai.
worship        There are two roads before usone leading to the beachthe other to the park.
        = There are two roads before usone which leads to the beachthe other to the park

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。