2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C
or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even
help you __4___ getting sick this winter.
In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of
hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being
___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___.
"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually
__14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."
Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of
oxytocin（后叶催产素）, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in
relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.
1.[A]Besides [B]Unlike [C]Throughout [D]Despite
2.[A]equal [B]restricted [C]connected [D]inferior
3. [A]view [B]host [C]lesson [D]choice
4. [A]avoid [B]forget [C]recall [D]keep
5. [A]collecting [B]affecting [C]guiding [D]involving
6. [A]on [B]in [C]at [D]of
7. [A]devoted [B]attracted [C]lost [D]exposed
8. [A]along [B]across [C]down [D]out
9. [A]imagined [B]denied [C]doubted [D]calculated
10. [A]served [B]restored [C]explained [D]required
11. [A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even
12. [A]defeats [B]symptoms [C]errors [D]tests
13.[A]highlighted [B]increased [C]controlled [D]minimized
14. [A]presented [B]equipped [C]associated [D]compared
15. [A]assess [B]generate [C]moderate [D]record
16. [A]in the name of [B] in the form of [C]in the face of [D] in the way of
17.[A]attribute [B]commit [C]transfer [D]return
18.[A]unless [B]because [C]though [D]until
19.[A]remains [B]emerges [C]vanishes [D]decreases
20.[A]experiences [B]combines [C]justifies [D]influences
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports
with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for
increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over
the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of
air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the
process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not
to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that
undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with
a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long
waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much
more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline
travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that
airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people
are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines
strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or
rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a
win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to
use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,
saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers
must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this
price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more
reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance
PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most
of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program
work.
21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to____
[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.
[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.
22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travellers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to____
[A] quieter.
[B] cheaper.
[C] wider.
[D] faster.
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is____
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.
worship[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.
25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
Text 2
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of
Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have
erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that
promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by
some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna
Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific
Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where
conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of
Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred
land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to
build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the
world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its
holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living
culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.
The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians
to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that
astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where
we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The
TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,
old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.
There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their
cultural heritage and to study the stars.
26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates____
[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to____
[A] its geographical features.
[B] its protective surroundings.
[C] its religious implications.
[D] its existing infrastructure.
28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because____
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astrono
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.
30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of____
[A] severe criticism.
[B] passive acceptance.
[C] slight hesitancy.
[D] full approval.
Text 3
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything exc which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP
already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was
referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a
century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and
miss things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the
Western World, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was
going so so well, then why did over 17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings
about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being
sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the
poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful
improvement for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDR over 40 different sets of
criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a
more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent
themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in
key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to
decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries
have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society; income equality and
the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the
sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.
So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common
method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.
It does not include important factors such as environmental equality or education outcomes -
all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.

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