Rhetorical_Devices
Rhetorical Devices
1.Simile 明喻
A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase
introduced by like or as
Eg. How like the winter hath my absence been.
So are you to my thoughts as food to life. (Shakespeare)
2.Metaphor 暗喻
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used
to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison
Eg.The world is a stage.
3.Personification 拟人
A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human
qualities or are represented as possessing human form
Eg. Hunger sat shivering on the road.
4.Antithesis 对照，对立，对比
A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in a balanced or
parallel phrase or grammatical structure
characteriseEg.That’s one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind. （Neil Armstrong, Apollo
11 Moon Landing Speech）
5.Pun 双关
A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the
similar sense or sound of different words
Eg. Being in politics is just like playing golf: you are trapped in one bad lie after another.
(lie:①a deliberate untruth ②the position in which something rests)
6.Ridicule 奚落
Words intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing Eg.Sure my worthy opponent claims that we should lower tuition, but that is just laughable.
7.Irony 反语,讽刺
The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning
An expression or utterance marked by a deliberate contrast between apparent and intended meaning
Eg. It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one's pocket.
8.Sarcasm 讥讽
A combine of irony and ridicule, using witty language to convey insults or scorn
Eg. It is possible for your mind to be so open that your brain falls out.
9.Hyperbole 夸张
A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect
Eg. This book weighs a ton.
10.Euphemism 委婉
The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive
Eg. sleep with — have sexual intercourse with;
departed — dead;
relieve oneself — urinate
11.Epigram警句, 隽语, 讽刺短诗
A concise, clever, often paradoxical statement
Or: A short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation
Eg. "I am not young enough to know everything." (Oscar Wilde)
12.Allusion 隐喻, 典故
A figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary
work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication
Eg. A son of the morning is a traveler; an allusion to the practice in the Middle East to rise before dawn so one wouldn't have to travel in the heat of day.
13.Litotes 间接肯定
A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed
by negating its opposite
Eg. This is no small problem. (Instead of “this is a big problem”)
14.Oxymoron 矛盾形容法，逆喻
A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined
Eg. A mournful optimist
15.Paradox似非而是的隽语
A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true
Eg. "I know that I know nothing."
(Knowing "know nothing" is knowing something, thus cannot be "know nothing". This logic is self-contradictory, but one can know that they know nothing.)
16.Transferred epithet 移就
A figure of speech in which the adjective or adverb is transferred from the noun it
logically belongs with, to another one which fits it grammatically but not logically
Eg. A sleepless night (night cannot be sleepless; people can)
17.Metonymy转喻
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase (usually an attribute or feature) is
substituted for another with which it is closely associated
Eg. They counted heads. (heads stands for people)
the White House for the US president
18.Synecdoche提喻
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole
for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword)
19.Climax层进法
A figure of speech in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of

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